Phenoxy-1,2-dioxetane-Based Activatable Chemiluminescent Probes: Tuning of Photophysical Properties for Tracing Enzymatic Activities in Living Cells

IF 3.6 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Analyst Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1039/d4an01082e
Jagpreet Singh Sidhu, Gurjot Kaur, Atharva Rajesh Chavan, Mandeep Chahal, Rajeev Taliyan
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Abstract

The use of chemiluminophores for tracing enzymatic activities in live-cell imaging has gained significant attention, making them valuable tools for diagnostic applications. Among various chemiluminophores, the phenoxy-1,2-dioxetane scaffold exhibits significant structural versatility and its activation is governed by the Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence (CIEEL) mechanism. This mechanism can be initiated by enzymatic activity, changes in pH, or other chemical stimuli. The photophysical properties of phenoxy-1,2-dioxetanes can be fine-tuned through the incorporation of different substituents on the phenolic ring and by anchoring them with specific triggers. This review discusses the variations in physicochemical properties, including emission maxima, quantum yield, aqueous solubility, and pKa, as influenced by structural modifications, thereby establishing a comprehensive structure-activity relationship. Furthermore, it categorises the probes based on different enzyme classes, such as hydrolase-sensitive probes, oxidoreductase-responsive probes, and transferase-activatable phenoxy-1,2-dioxetanes, offering a promising platform technology for the early diagnosis of diseases and disorders. The summary section highlights key opportunities and limitations associated with applying phenoxy-1,2-dioxetanes in achieving precise and effective enzyme assays.
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基于苯氧基-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷的可活化化学发光探针:调节光物理特性以追踪活细胞中的酶活性
在活细胞成像中使用化学荧光团追踪酶的活动已受到广泛关注,使其成为诊断应用的重要工具。在各种化学荧光团中,苯氧基-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷支架具有显著的结构多样性,其活化受化学引发电子交换发光(CIEEL)机制控制。该机制可由酶活性、pH 值变化或其他化学刺激引发。苯氧基-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷的光物理特性可以通过在酚环上加入不同的取代基和使用特定的触发剂锚定来进行微调。本综述讨论了受结构修饰影响的物理化学特性变化,包括发射最大值、量子产率、水溶性和 pKa,从而建立了全面的结构-活性关系。此外,它还根据不同的酶类别对探针进行了分类,如水解酶敏感探针、氧化还原酶响应探针和可转移酶激活的苯氧基-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷,为疾病和失调的早期诊断提供了前景广阔的平台技术。摘要部分强调了应用苯氧基-1,2-二氧杂环丁烷实现精确有效的酶测定的主要机遇和局限性。
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来源期刊
Analyst
Analyst 化学-分析化学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
4.80%
发文量
636
审稿时长
1.9 months
期刊介绍: The home of premier fundamental discoveries, inventions and applications in the analytical and bioanalytical sciences
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