Self-Limited and Reversible Surface Hydration of Na2Fe(SO4)2 Cathodes for Long-Cycle-Life Na-ion Batteries

IF 18.9 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Energy Storage Materials Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103882

Zhilin Zheng, Xiaoqiao Li, Yong Wang, Yunlong Zhang, Yufeng Jiang, Yu-Shi He, Chao Niu, Haiying Che, Linsen Li, Zi-Feng Ma

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Abstract

Air stability is a crucial factor in the practical application of a battery material, as it profoundly affects the material's preparation, storage, and electrode fabrication processes. Sodium iron sulfate cathodes, despite their attractive attributes in cost and electrochemical performance, are widely believed to be unstable upon air exposure because of the sulfate group. Here we report remarkable air-stability of the Na₂Fe(SO₄)₂-based (NFS) cathodes (minimal decay in 20% RH air for 60 days, 91.9% capacity retention after 3500 cycles in half cells) and their outstanding cycle performance in practically relevant pouch-type full cells (∼100 Wh kg^-1 specific energy, >1000 cycle cycle-life). Although the NFS cathodes do react with moisture H₂O to produce Na₂Fe(SO₄)₂⋅4H₂O but the hydration is spatially confined at the NFS particles’ surface and not propagating into their bulk. Further, the structural changes are reversible when the surface-hydrated NFS particles are heated in the typical electrode vacuum-drying process, avoiding extra treatment and additional cost. This work reveals the promising properties of the NFS cathode materials towards high-performance and sustainable Na-ion batteries.

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用于长循环寿命钠离子电池的 Na2Fe(SO4)2 阴极的自限制和可逆表面水合作用

空气稳定性是电池材料实际应用中的一个关键因素，因为它深刻影响着材料的制备、储存和电极制造过程。尽管硫酸钠铁阴极在成本和电化学性能方面具有吸引力，但人们普遍认为，由于硫酸基团的存在，它在暴露于空气中时是不稳定的。在此，我们报告了基于 Na2Fe（SO4）2 的阴极（NFS）在空气中的显著稳定性（在 20% RH 的空气中 60 天衰减极小，在半电池中循环 3500 次后容量保持率为 91.9%），以及它们在实际相关的袋式全电池中出色的循环性能（比能量为 100 Wh kg-1，循环寿命为 1000 次）。虽然 NFS 阴极会与潮湿的 H2O 发生反应，生成 Na2Fe（SO4）2⋅4H2O，但这种水合反应在空间上仅限于 NFS 颗粒的表面，而不会扩散到其内部。此外，在典型的电极真空干燥过程中加热表面水合的 NFS 颗粒时，其结构变化是可逆的，从而避免了额外的处理和额外的成本。这项研究揭示了 NFS 正极材料在实现高性能和可持续钠离子电池方面的良好特性。

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来源期刊

Energy Storage Materials Materials Science-General Materials Science

CiteScore

33.00

自引率

5.90%

发文量

652

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Energy Storage Materials is a global interdisciplinary journal dedicated to sharing scientific and technological advancements in materials and devices for advanced energy storage and related energy conversion, such as in metal-O2 batteries. The journal features comprehensive research articles, including full papers and short communications, as well as authoritative feature articles and reviews by leading experts in the field. Energy Storage Materials covers a wide range of topics, including the synthesis, fabrication, structure, properties, performance, and technological applications of energy storage materials. Additionally, the journal explores strategies, policies, and developments in the field of energy storage materials and devices for sustainable energy. Published papers are selected based on their scientific and technological significance, their ability to provide valuable new knowledge, and their relevance to the international research community.