A concise strategy for enhancing the performance of bio-based polyurethane aerogels using melamine-modified sodium alginate via Aza-Michael addition reaction
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Abstract
Bio-based waterborne polyurethane (PU) has garnered significant attention as a sustainable alternative petroleum-derived counterpart, offering environmentally friendly alternatives. In this work, a new approach is proposed to fabricate two kinds of composite aerogels of lowly/highly melamine-modified sodium alginate (SAML/SAMH) with methacrylate-terminated PU (SAML-PU and SAMH-PU) through dynamic covalent cross-linking via Aza-Michael addition reactions. We aim to improve the poor compatibility of polysaccharide and PU associated with traditional blending methods and impart the resulting aerogels with good biodegradability, compressive strength, thermal insulation, flame-retardant, and self-healing. Comprehensive characterizations, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy collectively demonstrate the successful derivatization of alginate and the effective synthesis of the Aza-Michael addition copolymer involving derivate alginate and PU. Substantial improvements in compressive strength and thermal properties are realized at comparable densities. Higher compressive strength, higher decomposition temperature and lower thermal conductivity are significantly achieved for SAML-PU (0.35 MPa, 410 °C and 0.024 W/m/K at 0.13 g/cm3) and SAMH-PU (0.58 MPa, 427 °C and 0.022 W/m/K at 0.12 g/cm3) compared to pristine PU foams (0.15 MPa, 330 °C and 0.031 W/m/K at 0.15 g/cm3). Additionally, molecular simulations of the Aza-Michael addition reaction and finite element simulations of aerogel thermal-insulation properties are conducted to corroborate experimental results. Notably, the dynamic polymers of SAML-PU and SAMH-PU exhibited excellent self-healing, recycling, biodegradability, and flame-retardant attributes. The elucidated preparation methodology and the exceptional performance and versatile applications of sodium alginate-based PU aerogels suggest a promising trajectory for future research endeavors and industrial implementation.
期刊介绍：
The Chemical Engineering Journal is an international research journal that invites contributions of original and novel fundamental research. It aims to provide an international platform for presenting original fundamental research, interpretative reviews, and discussions on new developments in chemical engineering. The journal welcomes papers that describe novel theory and its practical application, as well as those that demonstrate the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. It also welcomes reports on carefully conducted experimental work that is soundly interpreted. The main focus of the journal is on original and rigorous research results that have broad significance. The Catalysis section within the Chemical Engineering Journal focuses specifically on Experimental and Theoretical studies in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. These studies have industrial impact on various sectors such as chemicals, energy, materials, foods, healthcare, and environmental protection.
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