Electrochemical sensing of sodium ions present in bovine serum using 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene as a receptor†

IF 3.6 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Analyst Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1039/D4AN01297F
Adrian Ebenezer Paul, Gaurav Gaur, Abdullah Al Souwaileh, Jerry J. Wu and Sambandam Anandan
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Abstract

The concentration of sodium ions can cause severe imbalances (high pressure on blood vessels, swelling of the muscular tissues, and misfunctioning of the whole nervous system) to the human body when its limits are uncontrolled. Thus, it is necessary to determine the amount of sodium ions present in the blood. Electrochemical sensing is an efficient methodology for detecting lower concentrations of ions even with fewer samples. Calixarenes are one of the supramolecules with a distinctive structure that has a predominant ability to complex with alkali metals. Thus, calixarenes are widely used in the detection of sodium (Na+) ions. Herein, 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene, the simplest and cheapest calixarene, is used to deduce sodium ion concentration by electrochemical sensing approach. The sensitivity of the 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene/GCE was 0.35269 μA M−1 and the limit of detection was 0.1 ± 0.06 μM, the lowest range of detection reported for sodium ions through differential pulse voltammetry, which is an accurate analysis. This is because calixarenes can interact with sodium ions efficiently through the hydrophilic OH groups at the lower rim of the calixarene structure. The interaction of Na+ ions with phenolic OH was confirmed by proton NMR titration against NaOH. 4-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene/GCE is adequately selective against various interfering metal ions, and it can also detect sodium ions with high accuracy (recovery range = 99.25–100.01%) in bovine serums.

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使用 4-叔丁基钙[4]烯作为受体对牛血清中的钠离子进行电化学感应
钠离子的浓度如果不受控制,会在许多方面导致系统严重失衡(血管压力过高、肌肉组织肿胀、整个神经系统功能失调)。因此,有必要找出系统全血中的钠离子含量。电化学传感是一种有效的方法,即使样本较少,也能发现较低的浓度。钙烯类是超分子之一,其结构独特,具有与碱金属络合的主要能力。因此,钙烯类化合物被广泛用于钠离子(Na+)的检测。在这里,4-叔丁基钙[4]烯是最简单、最廉价的钙烯烃,用于通过电化学传感方法推断钠离子。4- 叔丁基钙[4]烯/GCE 的灵敏度为 0.35269 ,检测限为 0.1±0.06 ,这是已报道的通过微分脉冲伏安法精确分析钠离子的最低检测范围。这是因为钙钛矿可以通过钙钛矿结构下缘的亲水性羟基与钠离子有效地相互作用。Na+ 离子与酚羟基的相互作用已通过质子核磁共振与 NaOH 的滴定得到证实。4- 叔丁基钙[4]arene/GCE 对各种干扰金属离子具有充分的选择性,还能高精度地检测牛血清中的钠离子(回收率范围 = 99.25-100.01%)。
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来源期刊
Analyst
Analyst 化学-分析化学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
4.80%
发文量
636
审稿时长
1.9 months
期刊介绍: "Analyst" journal is the home of premier fundamental discoveries, inventions and applications in the analytical and bioanalytical sciences.
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