Electrochemical Sensing of Sodium ions present in Bovine Serum using 4-tert Butylcalix[4]arene as Receptor

Abstract

The concentration of sodium ions can cause severe imbalances (high pressure on blood vessels, swelling of the muscular tissues, and misfunctioning of the whole nervous system) to the system in many ways when its limits are uncontrolled. Thus, it is necessary to find the amount of sodium ions present in the whole blood of the system. Electrochemical sensing was an efficient methodology for finding lower concentrations even with fewer samples. The Calixarenes are one of the supramolecules with a distinctive structure that has a predominant ability to complex with alkali metals. Thus, calixarenes are widely used in the detection of sodium (Na+) ions. Here, 4-tert Butylcalix[4]arene is the simplest and cheapest calixarene used to deduce sodium ions by electrochemical sensing approach. The sensitivity of the 4-tert Butylcalix[4]arene/GCE was 0.35269  and the limit of detection was meant to be 0.1±0.06 which is the lowest range of detection reported for the sodium ions through differential pulse voltammetry which is an accurate analysis. This is because calixarenes can interact with sodium ions efficiently through the hydrophilic OH groups at the lower rim of the calixarene structure. The interaction of Na+ ions with phenolic OH has been confirmed by proton NMR titration against NaOH. 4-tert Butylcalix[4]arene/GCE is adequately selective against various interference metal ions and it can also detect sodium ions with high accuracy (recovery range = 99.25-100.01%) in bovine serums.