Infection of tomato plants by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) potentiates the ethylene and salicylic acid pathways to fend off root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) parasitism

IF 6.1 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109271
Ayub Azaryan, Mohammad Reza Atighi, Masoud Shams-Bakhsh
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Abstract

In nature, it is common for plants to be infected by multiple pathogens simultaneously, and deciphering the underlying mechanisms of such interactions has remained elusive. The occurrence of root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; Begomovirus coheni) has been reported in most tomato cultivation areas. We investigated the interaction between RKN and TYLCV in tomato plants at phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression levels. Several treatments were considered including mock inoculation, inoculation with TYLCV or RKN alone, simultaneous inoculation with both TYLCV and RKN, and sequential inoculations with a five-day interval. Among them, simultaneous inoculation showed the highest impact on RKN suppression compared to mock-inoculated plants. Biochemical assays in the time-point experiments demonstrated that the pick of defense capacity of plants occurs at 48- and 72-h post-inoculation. Gene expression analyses utilizing marker genes from main hormonal pathways involved in plant defense, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), indicated that ET and SA are highly involved in the potentiation of TYLCV-induced defense against RKN. To validate the action of SA and ET in the induction of defense against RKN by TYLCV, transgenic lines deficient in SA (NahG) and ET (ACD) accumulation were co-inoculated with TYLCV and RKN. Both transgenic lines failed to express TYLCV-induced defense against RKN. These findings demonstrate an antagonistic effect of TYLCV against RKN in tomato plants, mediated by SA and ET signaling pathways.

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番茄黄叶卷曲病毒(TYLCV)感染番茄植株后会增强乙烯和水杨酸途径抵御根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)寄生的能力
在自然界中,植物同时受到多种病原体感染的情况很常见,而破译这种相互作用的内在机制却一直是个难题。根结线虫(RKN)、Meloidogyne incognita 和番茄黄卷叶病毒(TYLCV;Begomovirus coheni)在大多数番茄种植区都有发生。我们从表型、生化和基因表达水平研究了番茄植株中 RKN 和 TYLCV 之间的相互作用。我们考虑了几种处理方法,包括模拟接种、单独接种 TYLCV 或 RKN、同时接种 TYLCV 和 RKN 以及间隔五天接种。其中,与模拟接种的植株相比,同时接种对 RKN 的抑制作用最大。时间点实验中的生化分析表明,植物防御能力的提高发生在接种后的 48 小时和 72 小时。利用参与植物防御的主要激素途径(包括水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)和乙烯(ET))的标记基因进行的基因表达分析表明,ET 和 SA 高度参与了 TYLCV 诱导的对 RKN 防御的增效作用。为了验证 SA 和 ET 在 TYLCV 诱导 RKN 防御过程中的作用,将 SA(NahG)和 ET(ACD)积累缺陷的转基因品系与 TYLCV 和 RKN 共同接种。这两个转基因品系都不能表达 TYLCV 诱导的对 RKN 的防御。这些研究结果表明,TYLCV 对番茄植株中的 RKN 具有拮抗作用,这种作用由 SA 和 ET 信号途径介导。
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来源期刊
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
3.10%
发文量
410
审稿时长
33 days
期刊介绍: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes original theoretical, experimental and technical contributions in the various fields of plant physiology (biochemistry, physiology, structure, genetics, plant-microbe interactions, etc.) at diverse levels of integration (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, whole plant, environmental). Opinions expressed in the journal are the sole responsibility of the authors and publication does not imply the editors'' agreement. Manuscripts describing molecular-genetic and/or gene expression data that are not integrated with biochemical analysis and/or actual measurements of plant physiological processes are not suitable for PPB. Also "Omics" studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) reporting descriptive analysis without an element of functional validation assays, will not be considered. Similarly, applied agronomic or phytochemical studies that generate no new, fundamental insights in plant physiological and/or biochemical processes are not suitable for publication in PPB. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes several types of articles: Reviews, Papers and Short Papers. Articles for Reviews are either invited by the editor or proposed by the authors for the editor''s prior agreement. Reviews should not exceed 40 typewritten pages and Short Papers no more than approximately 8 typewritten pages. The fundamental character of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry remains that of a journal for original results.
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