How far is too far? Urban versus rural acceptable travel distances

Abstract

This study examines spatial heterogeneity in acceptable travel distances across destination types and travel modes, contributing to the normative debate on setting accessibility sufficiency thresholds. Utilizing data from a 2020 survey on perceived accessibility in the Netherlands, the research finds that  acceptable travel distances vary between urban and rural areas, contingent upon the mode of transportation. Rural residents accept larger distances, primarily facilitated by car use, while acceptable distances for active modes are higher in urban areas. Particularly in rural areas, travel distances do not always align with the acceptance of distances, especially regarding public transport. The key message for accessibility policy is that uniform distance thresholds may be ineffective across regions with diverse accessibility needs. The study concludes that empirical insights into the sources of variation in acceptable travel distances can assist in addressing the tension between setting general accessibility thresholds and strategies tailored to specific groups in specific areas.