Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment最新文献

英文中文

Environmental awareness and transportation choices: A case study in Valencia, Spain 环境意识与交通选择：西班牙巴伦西亚案例研究

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104487

Bárbara Vázquez-Paja , María Feo-Valero , Salvador del Saz-Salazar

This research examines the role of environmental awareness and pro-environmental actions on transport mode choice among university students in Valencia, Spain. Based on data obtained through 524 face-to-face interviews, a hybrid discrete choice model was developed to identify the main determinants and the most effective policy measures to achieve sustainable transportation.

Our findings highlight a disassociation between environmental awareness and actual pro-environmental actions. While the latent variable of environmental awareness has no significant effect, pro-environmental actions do positively affect the probability of using sustainable modes.

In terms of policy recommendations, the most effective measures to reduce car dependency would be those affecting transit time, such as reducing parking space in campus surroundings or facilitating transfers in the case of public transportation. Finally, policies aimed at increasing sustainable transportation should not only focus on raising awareness but also on promoting involvement in non-transport-related environmental actions.

本研究探讨了环境意识和环保行动对西班牙巴伦西亚大学生交通方式选择的影响。根据通过 524 次面对面访谈获得的数据，我们建立了一个混合离散选择模型，以确定实现可持续交通的主要决定因素和最有效的政策措施。就政策建议而言，减少对汽车依赖的最有效措施是那些影响交通时间的措施，如减少校园周边的停车空间或为公共交通换乘提供便利。最后，旨在增加可持续交通的政策不仅应注重提高人们的意识，还应注重促进人们参与与交通无关的环保行动。

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引用次数: 0

Decoupling transport-CO2 emissions: Mexico, Spain and The USA: A trend analysis 运输与二氧化碳排放脱钩：墨西哥、西班牙和美国：趋势分析

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104510

Aaron Percastre Gómez , David Bonilla , David Banister

Existing methodologies to measure (de)coupling among economic activity, surface transport (road and rail), and CO₂ emissions have not captured the complexity of decoupling. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of (de)coupling. Three groups of variables were formed (using 17 variables). By relating each variable to the others through a ratio, an indicator is obtained that corresponds to a coupling-decoupling category. In total, 36 indicators (by country) were analysed for the three countries. The results reveal that transport volume changes proportionately more than economic activity (materialization). Conversely, CO₂ emissions change proportionately less than do economic activity and surface transport volume (decarbonization), although Mexico requires greater efforts. Additionally, decoupling is tangible at aggregated levels, while coupling is evident at disaggregated levels. Finally, the combination of these features contributes to the formulation of policies for achieving sustainable transport. One limitation of this study is the exclusion of air and maritime transport.

衡量经济活动、地面运输（公路和铁路）和二氧化碳排放之间（脱）耦合的现有方法并未捕捉到脱耦的复杂性。本研究旨在促进对（脱）耦合的理解。研究使用 17 个变量组成了三组变量。通过一个比率将每个变量与其他变量联系起来，得到一个与耦合-脱钩类别相对应的指标。总共分析了三个国家的 36 个指标（按国家分列）。结果显示，运输量的变化比例高于经济活动（具体化）。相反，二氧化碳排放量的变化在比例上小于经济活动和地面运输量的变化（脱碳化），尽管墨西哥需要付出更大的努力。此外，脱钩在总体水平上是明显的，而耦合在分类水平上是明显的。最后，这些特征的结合有助于制定实现可持续交通的政策。本研究的一个局限性是未包括航空和海运。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling influencing factors of public charging station utilization 揭示公共充电站使用的影响因素

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104506

Mushu Zhao , Dawei Wang , Weifeng Li , Jianzheng Liu

Accelerating EV adoption is crucial in reducing carbon emissions. To support EV penetration and minimize waste, we analyzed real-world charging status big data in a high-density city heavily reliant on public charging infrastructure. Using a two-part spatial lag of X model, we investigated the impact of charging station attributes and the surrounding built environment on the utilization rates, defined as the ratio of occupied (fast/slow) charging piles to the total available (fast/slow) piles at each station. Our findings reveal that fast charging stations located outdoors, sheltered, and near major roads attract more users, while these factors do not significantly affect the slow utilization rate. Utilization rates are higher for fast charging stations surrounded by a diverse land use mix, while the opposite is observed for slow charging stations. These findings provide valuable insights for the effective operation of charging infrastructure, furthering the development of the new-energy market and sustainable transportation.

加快电动汽车的普及对减少碳排放至关重要。为了支持电动汽车的普及并最大限度地减少浪费，我们在一个严重依赖公共充电基础设施的高密度城市分析了真实世界的充电状态大数据。我们使用一个由两部分组成的 X 空间滞后模型，研究了充电站属性和周围建筑环境对利用率的影响，利用率定义为每个充电站被占用（快/慢）充电桩与总可用（快/慢）充电桩的比率。我们的研究结果表明，位于室外、有遮挡和靠近主干道的快速充电站能吸引更多用户，而这些因素对慢速充电站的利用率影响不大。快速充电站周围的土地利用组合多样化，因此利用率更高，而慢速充电站的情况恰恰相反。这些发现为充电基础设施的有效运营提供了宝贵的启示，促进了新能源市场和可持续交通的发展。

引用次数: 0

Impacts of new metro lines on the activity space of older people 新地铁线对老年人活动空间的影响

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104505

Mi Diao , Keyu Lin , Zheng Chang

With declining physical health, older people face increasing travel difficulties and shrinking activity spaces, negatively impacting their well-being and raising significant equity concerns. Metro offers a promising solution to enhance the mobility of older people and expand their activity spaces. This study assesses the causal impact of new metro lines on older people’s activity spaces, using the opening of Shanghai Metro Line 15 as a natural experiment. We track activity spaces of different age groups at a grid cell level over time using a large-scale mobile phone dataset and employ difference-in-differences models to evaluate Line 15′s impact. The results show that Line 15 has expanded the activity spaces for all age groups, with older adults benefiting more than the younger groups, thus enhancing transport equality. Our findings provide evidence highlighting the significant role of metro systems in enhancing older people’s mobility, offering valuable insights for policymakers in planning age-friendly cities.

随着身体健康状况的下降，老年人面临着越来越多的出行困难和越来越小的活动空间，这对他们的福祉产生了负面影响，并引发了重大的公平问题。地铁为提高老年人的流动性和扩大他们的活动空间提供了一个前景广阔的解决方案。本研究以上海地铁 15 号线的开通为自然实验，评估新地铁线对老年人活动空间的因果影响。我们利用大规模手机数据集，在网格单元层面跟踪不同年龄段人群的活动空间，并采用差异模型评估 15 号线的影响。结果表明，15 号线扩大了各年龄段人群的活动空间，老年人比年轻人受益更多，从而促进了交通平等。我们的研究结果提供了证据，凸显了地铁系统在提高老年人流动性方面的重要作用，为政策制定者规划老年友好型城市提供了宝贵的见解。

引用次数: 0

Modeling energy consumption for battery electric vehicles based on in-use vehicle trajectories 基于在用车辆轨迹的电池电动汽车能耗建模

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104509

Zhiqiang Zhai , Leqi Zhang , Guohua Song , Xiao Li , Lei Yu

The development of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) raises a demand to develop a tool to estimate and predict their energy consumption accurately and efficiently. This study proposes a model to estimate the energy consumption of BEVs based on the trajectories of in-use vehicles, including both BEVs and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This model consists of three modules: vehicle specific power (VSP) distributions, energy consumption rates, travel time and mileages. The estimation results are validated and compared with those derived from driving cycles and instantaneous speeds. It is found that the VSP distributions can capture the variation of the energy consumption relating to average speeds, and the results are unbiased with average errors less than 1.9%, comparing with instantaneous speeds. It is practicable to employ the trajectories of ICEVs to model the activity of BEVs for energy consumption estimates, and the average errors are less than 2.7%.

电池电动汽车（BEV）的发展要求开发一种工具来准确有效地估算和预测其能耗。本研究提出了一种基于在用车辆轨迹（包括 BEV 和内燃机车辆（ICEV））的 BEV 能源消耗估算模型。该模型由三个模块组成：车辆比功率（VSP）分布、能耗率、行驶时间和里程。估算结果经过验证，并与驾驶周期和瞬时速度得出的结果进行了比较。结果发现，VSP 分布可以捕捉到与平均速度相关的能源消耗变化，而且结果无偏，与瞬时速度相比，平均误差小于 1.9%。利用内燃机车的轨迹来模拟 BEV 的活动以估计能耗是可行的，平均误差小于 2.7%。

引用次数: 0

Machine learning-driven CO2 emission forecasting for light-duty vehicles in China 机器学习驱动的中国轻型汽车二氧化碳排放预测

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104502

Guiliang Zhou , Lina Mao , Tianwen Bao , Feipeng Zhuang

The research examines the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced by light-duty vehicles (LDVs) utilizing a thorough dataset of 7,384 cars gathered by the Chinese government between 2018 and 2022. The research aims to attain a 40–45% decrease in CO2 emissions by 2030 by the application of advanced machine learning algorithms, specifically Catboost. The results reveal that Catboost, recognized for its data efficiency and capability to manage categorical information, surpasses other models in predictive accuracy, including support vector regression and ridge regression. It is particularly notable for its capability to estimate emissions using just a limited set of vehicle attributes. The research offers crucial insights into air pollution, providing vital suggestions for car owners and manufacturers to reduce their environmental effects. Future investigations should prioritize improving the precision of the model and broadening the datasets to enhance the quality of forecasts.

该研究利用中国政府在 2018 年至 2022 年间收集的 7384 辆汽车的完整数据集，对轻型汽车（LDV）产生的二氧化碳（CO2）排放量进行了研究。研究旨在通过应用先进的机器学习算法，特别是 Catboost，到 2030 年实现二氧化碳排放量减少 40-45%。研究结果表明，Catboost 因其数据效率和管理分类信息的能力而得到认可，其预测准确性超过了其他模型，包括支持向量回归和脊回归。尤其值得注意的是，它只需使用有限的车辆属性集就能估算排放量。这项研究提供了对空气污染的重要见解，为车主和制造商减少对环境的影响提供了重要建议。未来的研究应优先考虑提高模型的精度和扩大数据集，以提高预测质量。

引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of loading-unloading zones in emerging markets: Evidence from Mexico 评估装卸区对新兴市场的影响：墨西哥的证据

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104486

Camilo A. Mora-Quiñones , Jan C. Fransoo , Josué C. Velázquez-Martínez , Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón , Rafael Escamilla

We investigate the impact of dedicated loading–unloading zones (LUZs) in emerging markets, focusing on their effects on air quality and noise pollution. We conduct a field experiment in downtown area of Zapopan, Mexico. We use a quasi-experimental difference-in-difference approach to analyze changes in air quality and noise pollution before and after implementing the dedicated LUZs. The results indicate a significant reduction of up to 3.55% in CO₂ levels in the mornings and a 14% decrease in noise following the establishment of LUZs. Moreover, insights into the composition of companies involved in last-mile distributions reveals a predominant reliance on micro and small businesses, often utilizing personal vehicles for cargo transport, with a significant portion of freight vehicles being over a decade old. We contribute to the existing literature by providing evidence of the impact of LUZs on mitigating negative externalities associated with last-mile operations, particularly in a developing city.

我们研究了装卸区（LUZ）对新兴市场的影响，重点关注其对空气质量和噪声污染的影响。我们在墨西哥萨波潘市中心进行了实地实验。我们采用准实验差分法来分析专用装卸区实施前后空气质量和噪声污染的变化。结果表明，在设立 LUZ 后，早晨的二氧化碳含量大幅降低了 3.55%，噪音降低了 14%。此外，对参与 "最后一英里 "配送的公司构成的深入研究显示，这些公司主要依赖微型和小型企业，通常使用个人车辆进行货物运输，其中相当一部分货运车辆的车龄超过十年。我们为现有文献做出了贡献，提供了路易区对减轻与最后一英里运营相关的负外部性的影响的证据，尤其是在发展中城市。

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引用次数: 0

Using natural driving experiments and Markov chains to develop realistic driving cycles 利用自然驾驶实验和马尔可夫链开发逼真的驾驶循环

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104507

J.D.K. Bishop , C.J. Axon

The main purpose of driving cycles is to estimate accurately on-road fuel use and the associated emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants by vehicles. Conventionally, driving cycles are developed using micro-trips, Markov chains, or hybrid approaches, with accuracy determined by comparing metrics of the candidate cycles with the observed data. Through a natural driving experiment, we suggest traffic and road topology have a dominant role in influencing individual driving styles, more so than driver age or gender, or vehicle characteristics. Using experimental data and a Markov chain approach, we make three contributions to driving cycle development. First, we identify a reduced set of 26 metrics which materially influence fuel economy. Second, we assess the trade-offs in accuracy between reproducing vehicle dynamics and fuel economy. Finally, we identify the impact of natural driving variability on the accuracy of candidate cycles.

驾驶循环的主要目的是准确估算车辆的路面燃料使用量以及相关的温室气体和其他空气污染物排放量。传统上，驾驶循环是利用微行程、马尔可夫链或混合方法开发的，通过比较候选循环的指标和观测数据来确定其准确性。通过自然驾驶实验，我们发现交通和道路拓扑对个人驾驶风格的影响比驾驶员年龄、性别或车辆特性更大。利用实验数据和马尔可夫链方法，我们为驾驶周期的开发做出了三项贡献。首先，我们确定了对燃油经济性有重大影响的 26 项指标。其次，我们评估了再现车辆动态和燃油经济性之间的准确性权衡。最后，我们确定了自然驾驶变化对候选循环准确性的影响。

引用次数: 0

Fleet vehicle replacement strategy in the Korean market under phase-out of conventional vehicle 韩国市场在淘汰传统车辆情况下的车队车辆更换战略

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104501

Sangbaek Woo , Deok-Joo Lee , Saedaseul Moon

With the recent global requirements to phase out internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), fleet owners (FOs) must consider battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as replacements, introducing regulatory risk due to policy changes. Many countries have legal retirement age limit for fleet vehicles (FVs), considered as policy constraint necessitating eventual replacement. Additionally, uncertainties like fuel price of ICEV and battery price affect the replacement decision. This study proposes an optimal replacement strategy using real option approach for annual decision-making under multiple risk factors. Using data from the Korean FV market, we provide managerial implications. Despite optimistic battery price projections, voluntary BEV switching is not expected to exceed 40% of total FVs. Sensitivity analysis reveals that adjusting the legal retirement age is more effective than changing the BGVSP implementation year. Also, A flexible subsidy based on fuel prices and the extension of the legal retirement age limit through safety inspections should be recommended.

随着最近全球要求淘汰内燃机汽车（ICEV），车队所有者（FOs）必须考虑将电池电动汽车（BEV）作为替代品，这就带来了政策变化带来的监管风险。许多国家规定了车队车辆（FV）的法定报废年限，这被视为最终必须更换的政策限制。此外，内燃机车燃料价格和电池价格等不确定因素也会影响替换决策。本研究利用实物期权法提出了一种在多种风险因素下进行年度决策的最优更换策略。利用韩国 FV 市场的数据，我们提供了管理方面的启示。尽管对电池价格的预测很乐观，但预计自愿更换的 BEV 不会超过 FV 总量的 40%。敏感性分析表明，调整法定退休年龄比改变 BGVSP 实施年份更有效。此外，应建议根据燃料价格提供灵活补贴，并通过安全检查延长法定退休年龄限制。

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The impacts of extreme weather events on U.S. Public transit ridership 极端天气事件对美国公共交通乘客的影响

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2024.104504

By Nicole S. Ngo, Shahinur Bashar

Climate change is expected to dramatically change weather patterns across the U.S. To understand its impact on public transit, we use regression analysis to investigate: 1) the relationship between public transit ridership and very hot and cold days and days with heavy precipitation across 48 U.S. cities between 2002 and 2019, 2) how this relationship has changed over time, and 3) if there are differences in this relationship based on sociodemographic characteristics. We find a modest reduction in unlinked passenger trips (UPT) per capita, our proxy for public transit ridership, for each additional very hot day, very cold day, or day with heavy precipitation. The greatest reductions associated with very hot days occur toward the end of our study period and in lower-income cities. We also find greater reductions in UPT on buses associated with several consecutive days of cold and heat, but less so with rail.

为了解气候变化对公共交通的影响，我们采用回归分析法研究：1）2002 年至 2019 年间美国 48 个城市的公共交通乘客量与酷热日、酷寒日和强降水日之间的关系；2）这种关系随着时间的推移发生了怎样的变化；3）这种关系是否因社会人口特征而存在差异。我们发现，每增加一个酷热日、酷寒日或强降水日，人均非连接乘客出行量（UTP）（我们的公共交通乘客量代表）就会略有减少。与酷热日相关的最大降幅出现在研究期末和低收入城市。我们还发现，连续数天的寒冷和炎热天气会使公交车的 UPT 降低更多，但轨道交通的 UPT 降低较少。

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