{"title":"Inverse-Designed Ultra-Compact Passive Phase Shifters for High-Performance Beam Steering.","authors":"Tianyang Fu, Mengfan Chu, Ke Jin, Honghan Sha, Xin Yan, Xueguang Yuan, Yang'an Zhang, Jinnan Zhang, Xia Zhang","doi":"10.3390/s24217055","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-compact passive phase shifters are inversely designed by the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The wavelength-dependent phase difference between two output beams originates from the different distances of the input light passing through the 4 μm × 3.2 μm rectangular waveguide with random-distributed air-hole arrays. As the wavelength changes from 1535 to 1565 nm, a phase difference tuning range of 6.26 rad and 6.95 rad is obtained for TE and TM modes, respectively. Compared with the array waveguide grating counterpart, the phase shifters exhibit higher transmission with a much smaller footprint. By combining the inverse-designed phase shifter and random-grating emitter together, integrated beam-steering structures are built, which show a large scanning range of ±25.47° and ±27.85° in the lateral direction for TE and TM mode, respectively. This work may pave the way for the development of ultra-compact high-performance optical phased array LiDARs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21698,"journal":{"name":"Sensors","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11548651/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sensors","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24217055","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ultra-compact passive phase shifters are inversely designed by the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The wavelength-dependent phase difference between two output beams originates from the different distances of the input light passing through the 4 μm × 3.2 μm rectangular waveguide with random-distributed air-hole arrays. As the wavelength changes from 1535 to 1565 nm, a phase difference tuning range of 6.26 rad and 6.95 rad is obtained for TE and TM modes, respectively. Compared with the array waveguide grating counterpart, the phase shifters exhibit higher transmission with a much smaller footprint. By combining the inverse-designed phase shifter and random-grating emitter together, integrated beam-steering structures are built, which show a large scanning range of ±25.47° and ±27.85° in the lateral direction for TE and TM mode, respectively. This work may pave the way for the development of ultra-compact high-performance optical phased array LiDARs.
期刊介绍：
Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220) provides an advanced forum for the science and technology of sensors and biosensors. It publishes reviews (including comprehensive reviews on the complete sensors products), regular research papers and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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