Raziyeh Dehghani, Ali Esfandyari Bayat, Mohammad Taghizadeh Sarvestani, Mohammad Behnood
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Foam finds applications in various industries such as wastewater treatment, enhanced oil recovery, and the manufacturing of food, medicine, and cosmetics, as well as in firefighting. Therefore, having a thorough comprehension of foam and the challenges it presents is crucial. This comprehensive review article offers a detailed analysis of the processes involved in foam generation, stability, and rupture, emphasizing the influence of physical and chemical parameters. With their intricate structure and unique characteristics, foams play a crucial role in a wide range of industrial sectors including oil and gas, food production, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals. The stability of foams is influenced by various factors such as the type of gas, solution composition (including surfactants, pH, polymers, and nanoparticles), and operational conditions (e.g., temperature and injection pressure). Each of these factors can impact foam stability by modifying the physical and chemical properties of the liquid and gas phases. The review thoroughly examines the role of surfactants in reducing surface tension, the use of nanoparticles to enhance foam structure, and the function of polymers as thickeners and stabilizers. These materials improve foam stability by regulating the behavior of the liquid phase, reducing drainage rates, and preventing bubble coalescence. Furthermore, this review critically evaluates the impact of operational variables like temperature and injection pressure on foam stability. Higher temperatures can lead to increased liquid drainage and bubble coalescence, but these negative effects can be mitigated by using suitable compounds such as thermally resistant surfactants and nanoparticles, along with increased injection gas pressure. In addition, the salt content and pH of the solution significantly influence foam stability by altering the electrostatic properties of the liquid phase. The conclusions drawn from this review highlight the effectiveness of optimizing the combination of materials and process conditions to enhance foam stability. This study lays a solid groundwork for future research aimed at improving and developing highly stable foams and can serve as a valuable reference for engineers and researchers seeking to optimize foam-related processes.
期刊介绍：
The journal includes papers in the following areas:
– Simple organic liquids and mixtures
– Ionic liquids
– Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces
– Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles
– Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals
– Ferrofluids
– Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids
– Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts
– Molten metals and salts
– Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids
– Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution
The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include:
– Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.)
– Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.)
– Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.)
– Dielectric relaxation
– X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction.
Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.
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