Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities

M. Praveen Shenoy, Mangala M. Pai, B.V. Murlimanju, Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar, Latha V. Prabhu, M.D. Prameela
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Abstract

Background

The facial condensation of deep fascia form retinacula, Superior and Inferior, with a primary function to hold the extensor tendons of the foot in position. The morphology of inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) is clinically important in the tendon rupture repair and foot drop surgeries. The anatomy of ankle and foot IER is not much investigated and this prompted us to conceptualize this study to investigate the morphology and morphological variants of IER.

Methods

This descriptive, cross-sectional institutional based study included 50 dorsa of feet from the 25 embalmed adult cadavers.

Results

The present study observed that, the anatomy of IER is complex wherein multiple septa of varied thickness arise from its undersurface from both the stem and limbs, defining its compartments. Five well defined compartments existed, which lodged the extensor tendons. The third compartment was deep and overlapped by the extensor digitorum longus tendons. Fourth compartment was well defined and lodged the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius tendons, separated by an ill-defined septum. However, in 6 specimens (12 %), the peroneus tertius traversed the fifth compartment, which otherwise did not have any contents. Some morphological variants of the tendons were also noted as they passed beneath the IER.

Conclusion

Our study is novel in determining the compartment format, deeper connections of IER, and relations with deeper structures along with the anatomical variations, which are clinically important in ankle arthroscopy, tendinoscopy, tendon repairs and foot drop stabilization surgeries.
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重新审视足部和踝部下伸肌腱膜的解剖结构,一项基于 50 具防腐成人尸体下肢的研究
背景 深筋膜的面部凝结形成了上伸肌腱网和下伸肌腱网,其主要功能是固定足部伸肌腱的位置。下伸肌腱网(IER)的形态在肌腱断裂修复和足下垂手术中具有重要的临床意义。踝关节和足部 IER 的解剖学研究不多,这促使我们构思了这项研究,以调查 IER 的形态和形态变异。结果本研究观察到,IER 的解剖结构复杂,从其茎部和肢体的下表面产生了多个厚度不同的隔膜,从而定义了其分区。存在五个明确的隔室,其中容纳了伸肌腱。第三个隔室很深,与伸拇长肌腱重叠。第四个隔室界限分明,藏有趾长伸肌腱和腓骨肌腱,被界限不清的隔膜隔开。然而,在 6 个标本(12%)中,腓总肌腱穿过第五室,除此之外,第五室没有任何内容物。结论:我们的研究在确定踝关节室的格式、踝关节室的深层连接、与深层结构的关系以及解剖变异方面具有新颖性,在踝关节镜检查、肌腱镜检查、肌腱修复和足下垂稳定手术中具有重要的临床意义。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
25 days
期刊介绍: Translational Research in Anatomy is an international peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes high-quality original papers. Focusing on translational research, the journal aims to disseminate the knowledge that is gained in the basic science of anatomy and to apply it to the diagnosis and treatment of human pathology in order to improve individual patient well-being. Topics published in Translational Research in Anatomy include anatomy in all of its aspects, especially those that have application to other scientific disciplines including the health sciences: • gross anatomy • neuroanatomy • histology • immunohistochemistry • comparative anatomy • embryology • molecular biology • microscopic anatomy • forensics • imaging/radiology • medical education Priority will be given to studies that clearly articulate their relevance to the broader aspects of anatomy and how they can impact patient care.Strengthening the ties between morphological research and medicine will foster collaboration between anatomists and physicians. Therefore, Translational Research in Anatomy will serve as a platform for communication and understanding between the disciplines of anatomy and medicine and will aid in the dissemination of anatomical research. The journal accepts the following article types: 1. Review articles 2. Original research papers 3. New state-of-the-art methods of research in the field of anatomy including imaging, dissection methods, medical devices and quantitation 4. Education papers (teaching technologies/methods in medical education in anatomy) 5. Commentaries 6. Letters to the Editor 7. Selected conference papers 8. Case Reports
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