The synthesis of an efficient titanium-based flame retardant with high dispersibility in polyamide 66

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111085

Ying Tao, Tianyu Liu, Ming Bao, Xiuyuan Ni

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Abstract

The preparation of high-performance flame retardants specialized for melt-spinning polyamide 66 (PA66) fibers remains a big challenge nowadays. This study has synthesized a highly dispersed, phosphorus-containing titanocene complex, namely Cp₂Ti(DBA). The synthesized flame retardant possesses high dispersibility and compatibility in PA66. Flammability tests show that Cp₂Ti(DBA) exhibits efficient flame retardancy in PA66. With the addition of 15 wt % of Cp₂Ti(DBA) in PA66, a LOI value of 29.9 % is achieved, and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) are reduced by 36 % and 26 %, respectively, as compared to pure PA66. Based on the py-GC MS study and char analysis, Cp₂Ti(DBA) shows a dual-phase flame-retardant mechanism. In the gas phase, Cp₂Ti(DBA) releases the phosphorus-containing free radicals, which capture the highly reactive free radicals. While in the condensed phase, titanium promotes the phosphaphenanthrene fragments to degrade and retains phosphorus in the form of titanium phosphates, which reinforce the barrier effect and stability of the char layer. This work may provide an efficient flame retardant with promising applications in PA66, especially for the melt-spinning of fibers.

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合成一种在聚酰胺 66 中具有高分散性的高效钛基阻燃剂

制备专用于熔融纺丝聚酰胺 66（PA66）纤维的高性能阻燃剂仍是当今的一大挑战。本研究合成了一种高度分散的含磷二茂钛复合物，即 Cp2Ti(DBA)。合成的阻燃剂在 PA66 中具有高分散性和相容性。燃烧性测试表明，Cp2Ti(DBA) 在 PA66 中具有高效的阻燃性。在 PA66 中添加 15 wt % 的 Cp2Ti(DBA)后，LOI 值达到 29.9 %，与纯 PA66 相比，峰值热释放率（PHRR）和总热释放率（THR）分别降低了 36 % 和 26 %。根据 py-GC MS 研究和炭分析，Cp2Ti(DBA) 显示出一种双相阻燃机理。在气相中，Cp2Ti(DBA) 释放出含磷自由基，从而捕获高活性自由基。而在凝结相中，钛促进磷菲碎片降解，并以钛磷酸盐的形式保留磷，从而加强了炭层的阻隔效果和稳定性。这项研究可提供一种高效阻燃剂，有望应用于 PA66，特别是熔融纺丝纤维。

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.