Detection of evening primrose oil adulterated with soybean oil: differential scanning calorimetry and chemometrics

IF 3 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1007/s10973-024-13609-3
Lucas H. Pereira, Jerusa S. Garcia, Marcello G. Trevisan
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Abstract

Adulteration is performed by adding inferior products imperceptible by consumers. Consequently, the objective of this work was to develop and use analytical methods to detect adulterants in Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with a controlled cooling/heating system and chemometrics. For such a purpose, binary mixtures were prepared using soybean oil as adulterant. It was weighed and prepared in a ratio ranging from 5 to 95% (m/m). Samples were submitted to DSC based on the following parameters: dynamic atmosphere of N2 (50 mL min−1); temperatures ranging from 283.15 to 198.15 K and from 198.15 to 283.15 K; cooling/heating rate of 275.15 K min−1; about 25 mg of sample in an aluminum crucible. Chemometric models were constructed from the DSC heating curves and normalized by the respective initial masses of samples. Data were pre-processed, normalized by their respective standard deviations and mean center. Results of multivariate analyzes were also compared with univariate calibration using Tonset data (referring to the EPO melting point). Chemometric models were successfully constructed to quantify the level of adulteration, showing RMSE (mean squared errors) of 2.23 and 3.27% m/m for PLS and iPLS (Partial Least Squares and interval Partial Least Squares), respectively. The univariate model demonstrated linearity ranging from 15 to 80% m/m and reached RMSE of 1.06% m/m, thus being an outstanding alternative for a preliminary analysis aimed to reveal the presence of soybean oil in EPO. Therefore, the strategy of coupling DSC with chemometrics for detecting soybean oil in EPO proved to be satisfactory.

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月见草油掺假大豆油的检测:差示扫描量热法和化学计量学
掺假是通过添加消费者无法察觉的劣质产品来实现的。因此,这项工作的目的是开发和使用分析方法,通过带有受控冷却/加热系统的差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和化学计量学来检测月见草油(EPO)中的掺假物质。为此,使用大豆油作为掺杂物制备了二元混合物。大豆油经称重后,以 5% 至 95% (m/m)的比例进行制备。根据以下参数将样品送入 DSC:N2 动态气氛(50 mL min-1);温度范围为 283.15 至 198.15 K 和 198.15 至 283.15 K;冷却/加热速率为 275.15 K min-1;铝坩埚中约有 25 mg 样品。根据 DSC 加热曲线构建化学计量模型,并根据样品各自的初始质量进行归一化处理。数据经过预处理,按各自的标准偏差和平均中心归一化。多元分析结果还与使用 Tonset 数据(指 EPO 熔点)进行的单变量校准进行了比较。成功构建的化学计量模型可量化掺假水平,PLS 和 iPLS(偏最小二乘法和区间偏最小二乘法)的 RMSE(均方误差)分别为 2.23% m/m 和 3.27% m/m。单变量模型的线性范围为 15% 至 80% m/m,均方根误差为 1.06% m/m,因此是旨在揭示 EPO 中大豆油存在的初步分析的最佳选择。因此,将 DSC 与化学计量学结合起来检测 EPO 中大豆油的策略证明是令人满意的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
9.10%
发文量
577
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry is a fully peer reviewed journal publishing high quality papers covering all aspects of thermal analysis, calorimetry, and experimental thermodynamics. The journal publishes regular and special issues in twelve issues every year. The following types of papers are published: Original Research Papers, Short Communications, Reviews, Modern Instruments, Events and Book reviews. The subjects covered are: thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, thermodilatometry, differential scanning calorimetry of all types, non-scanning calorimetry of all types, thermometry, evolved gas analysis, thermomechanical analysis, emanation thermal analysis, thermal conductivity, multiple techniques, and miscellaneous thermal methods (including the combination of the thermal method with various instrumental techniques), theory and instrumentation for thermal analysis and calorimetry.
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