Photonics in offshore wind energy system development: A systematic review

Abstract

Photonics, the field of study that focuses on the production, detection, and control of light, is transforming the advancement of offshore wind energy systems. This systematic analysis examines the various aspects of photonics in improving the effectiveness, dependability, and environmental friendliness of offshore wind farms. Optical fibers with large data-carrying capacity enable reliable transfer of both data and power between offshore installations and onshore facilities, ensuring effective communication and control. In addition, photonics-based underwater communication systems and sensors enhance the upkeep and functioning of subsea components. Photonics advancements also enhance the efficiency of energy conversion and storage solutions by integrating additional solar energy sources and improving battery systems. One of the main advantage is that despite the immense potential, the harsh marine environment poses significant challenges, such as corrosion and system degradation, which must be addressed through durable materials and protective strategies. The review also emphasizes the high initial costs and the complex integration processes required for photonics systems with existing offshore infrastructure. However, the long-term benefits in terms of improved energy efficiency, reduced operational downtime, and carbon footprint reduction make these technologies promising for future offshore wind farm deployments. The paper calls for further research in developing more robust photonic components and enhancing their cost-effectiveness, especially in large-scale real-world applications.