Pub Date : 2024-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103268
Abdulamier Ahmed Abdulamier , Lina M. Shaker , Ahmed A. Al-Amiery , Maytham T. Qasim , Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak , Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi
Smart contact lenses are a transformative innovation in wearable technology, combining advanced functionalities like biosensing, drug delivery, and real-time data visualization into a compact form. This review explores recent advancements and applications of smart contact lenses, with a focus on their design principles, key technological components, and potential impact across healthcare, communication, and augmented reality. By examining current research and development, this paper highlights the evolving capabilities of smart contact lenses and their promising future prospects.
{"title":"Advancements and applications of smart contact lenses: A comprehensive review","authors":"Abdulamier Ahmed Abdulamier , Lina M. Shaker , Ahmed A. Al-Amiery , Maytham T. Qasim , Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak , Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart contact lenses are a transformative innovation in wearable technology, combining advanced functionalities like biosensing, drug delivery, and real-time data visualization into a compact form. This review explores recent advancements and applications of smart contact lenses, with a focus on their design principles, key technological components, and potential impact across healthcare, communication, and augmented reality. By examining current research and development, this paper highlights the evolving capabilities of smart contact lenses and their promising future prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proliferation of food waste has emerged as an escalating issue, with forecasts suggesting a persistent increase. Efficient waste management is essential in tackling environmental difficulties, providing a sustainable approach to alleviate these urgent problems. Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) is notable among waste kinds for its abundant critical nutrients, dietary fibre, bioactive chemicals, and significant energy potential. Establishing an effective system for processing FVW can provide substantial advantages, especially in energy recovery and waste minimisation. The worldwide society is increasingly prioritising renewable energy sources to mitigate the environmental repercussions of fossil fuel consumption. Global initiatives are currently focused on utilising energy from FVW, along with the overarching objective of achieving international energy security. This article investigates the possibilities of power generation from many forms of food waste, analyses prevalent generating methods and their justifications, and addresses the legislation and regulations governing food waste management, as well as prospective pathways for sustainable energy solutions.
{"title":"Transforming food waste into energy: A comprehensive review","authors":"Shama Kakkar , Nagaraju Dharavat , Suresh Kumar Sudabattula","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The proliferation of food waste has emerged as an escalating issue, with forecasts suggesting a persistent increase. Efficient waste management is essential in tackling environmental difficulties, providing a sustainable approach to alleviate these urgent problems. Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) is notable among waste kinds for its abundant critical nutrients, dietary fibre, bioactive chemicals, and significant energy potential. Establishing an effective system for processing FVW can provide substantial advantages, especially in energy recovery and waste minimisation. The worldwide society is increasingly prioritising renewable energy sources to mitigate the environmental repercussions of fossil fuel consumption. Global initiatives are currently focused on utilising energy from FVW, along with the overarching objective of achieving international energy security. This article investigates the possibilities of power generation from many forms of food waste, analyses prevalent generating methods and their justifications, and addresses the legislation and regulations governing food waste management, as well as prospective pathways for sustainable energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103376"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103339
Abdelrahman Gasmelseed , Mhadi A. Ismael , Mior A. Said , Faiz Ahmad , Sohaib Osman
Electric vehicles have recently experienced rapid growth in battery heat generation rates due to increasing commercial demands for faster vehicle speeds and higher charging rates. This growth intensified the importance of innovative thermal management strategies to ensure safe and efficient vehicle operation. This paper aims to comprehensively review and discuss recent research investigating nanofluid battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Nanofluids are proposed as promising coolants as they possess enhanced thermal performance owing to their higher thermal conductivity compared to conventional fluids. Studies investigating nanofluid BTMSs can be divided into experimental and numerical studies investigating the effects of varying base fluid, nanoparticle type and concentration on thermal performance and pumping power. The overall trend of the reviewed studies displays an improvement in thermal performance with the increase of nanoparticles concentration, coupled with higher pumping power due to the higher viscosity values resulting in higher friction, with reviewed studies demonstrating nanofluids BTMS thermal improvements in the range of 2.9 – 30.5 % with pressure drop increase in the range of 14 – 70 % compared to the base fluid. The most commonly investigated types of nanoparticles are aluminium oxide (Al2O3), copper oxide (CuO), and silver oxide (AgO), with concentrations in the range of 0.1 – 5 %. The review highlighted the lack of long-term stability investigation and hybrid nanofluid BTMS studies in addition to studies evaluating the economic and environmental effects of utilising nanofluids in liquid BTMSs.
{"title":"Thermal management strategies for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: A comprehensive review of nanofluid-based battery thermal management systems","authors":"Abdelrahman Gasmelseed , Mhadi A. Ismael , Mior A. Said , Faiz Ahmad , Sohaib Osman","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric vehicles have recently experienced rapid growth in battery heat generation rates due to increasing commercial demands for faster vehicle speeds and higher charging rates. This growth intensified the importance of innovative thermal management strategies to ensure safe and efficient vehicle operation. This paper aims to comprehensively review and discuss recent research investigating nanofluid battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Nanofluids are proposed as promising coolants as they possess enhanced thermal performance owing to their higher thermal conductivity compared to conventional fluids. Studies investigating nanofluid BTMSs can be divided into experimental and numerical studies investigating the effects of varying base fluid, nanoparticle type and concentration on thermal performance and pumping power. The overall trend of the reviewed studies displays an improvement in thermal performance with the increase of nanoparticles concentration, coupled with higher pumping power due to the higher viscosity values resulting in higher friction, with reviewed studies demonstrating nanofluids BTMS thermal improvements in the range of 2.9 – 30.5 % with pressure drop increase in the range of 14 – 70 % compared to the base fluid. The most commonly investigated types of nanoparticles are aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), copper oxide (CuO), and silver oxide (AgO), with concentrations in the range of 0.1 – 5 %. The review highlighted the lack of long-term stability investigation and hybrid nanofluid BTMS studies in addition to studies evaluating the economic and environmental effects of utilising nanofluids in liquid BTMSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103339"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103354
Mohamad Darwiche , Jalal Faraj , Khaled Chahine , Ali Shaito , Sary Awad , Mehdi Mortazavi , Mahmoud Khaled
Electricity is a critical component of many everyday activities, demanding continuing research to create new or improved techniques for generating electrical power. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which work basically on the Seebeck effect can successfully transform input heat from numerous applications into valuable electrical energy, as well as power electronic devices and sensors on their own. However, obstacles include increasing the temperature difference and creating novel materials to improve electrical output and efficiency. Accordingly, this paper discusses these problems by providing a thorough examination of available strategies to enhance the thermoelectric performance. In this study, a variety of materials is presented, starting by the standard used conventional organic and inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials. Organic materials, such as polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT) composites, acquired ZT values ranging from 0.5 to 1.0, demonstrating their promise for versatile and low-cost applications. At extreme temperatures (∼500 K), inorganic materials such as bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and lead telluride (PbTe) achieved ZT values around 2.0, indicating great efficiency in power production. Bi2Te3/PEDOT, a hybrid material with organic and inorganic components, demonstrated improved performance with ZT values of 1.5–2.0 due to the synergistic effects of its constituents. Novel composite materials, such as Bi2Te3-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites and using graphene, developed to optimize thermal and electrical characteristics, enhanced device performance by up to 25% over standard materials, with ZT values ranging from 1.8 to 2.2. In addition, in the present study the new recent materials after applying enhancement methods will be presented. These new materials are developed by different methods and synthesis such as doping, superlattice and heterostructure materials and other methods will be discussed. The main findings indicate that the strategic use of these advanced materials may significantly increase the efficiency and output power of TEG devices, making them more practical for a wide variety of applications. As an examples, 2.8 for (GeTe)0.95(Sb2Te3)0.05 alloy, 2.4 for Chalcogenide, ZrS2, Bismuth telluride thin film (p-type Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices) and 2.75 for Bismuth telluride thin film (Bi2Se1.2Te1.8). Finally, the present paper investigates on the newest technology and strategies that are applied in this research area in order to enhance the TEG performance enhancement.
{"title":"A comprehensive recent review and practical insights on the usage of advanced materials and enhancement strategies in thermoelectric applications","authors":"Mohamad Darwiche , Jalal Faraj , Khaled Chahine , Ali Shaito , Sary Awad , Mehdi Mortazavi , Mahmoud Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electricity is a critical component of many everyday activities, demanding continuing research to create new or improved techniques for generating electrical power. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs), which work basically on the Seebeck effect can successfully transform input heat from numerous applications into valuable electrical energy, as well as power electronic devices and sensors on their own. However, obstacles include increasing the temperature difference and creating novel materials to improve electrical output and efficiency. Accordingly, this paper discusses these problems by providing a thorough examination of available strategies to enhance the thermoelectric performance. In this study, a variety of materials is presented, starting by the standard used conventional organic and inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials. Organic materials, such as polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT) composites, acquired ZT values ranging from 0.5 to 1.0, demonstrating their promise for versatile and low-cost applications. At extreme temperatures (∼500 K), inorganic materials such as bismuth telluride (Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>) and lead telluride (PbTe) achieved ZT values around 2.0, indicating great efficiency in power production. Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>/PEDOT, a hybrid material with organic and inorganic components, demonstrated improved performance with ZT values of 1.5–2.0 due to the synergistic effects of its constituents. Novel composite materials, such as Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites and using graphene, developed to optimize thermal and electrical characteristics, enhanced device performance by up to 25% over standard materials, with ZT values ranging from 1.8 to 2.2. In addition, in the present study the new recent materials after applying enhancement methods will be presented. These new materials are developed by different methods and synthesis such as doping, superlattice and heterostructure materials and other methods will be discussed. The main findings indicate that the strategic use of these advanced materials may significantly increase the efficiency and output power of TEG devices, making them more practical for a wide variety of applications. As an examples, 2.8 for (GeTe)<sub>0.95</sub>(Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.05</sub> alloy, 2.4 for Chalcogenide, ZrS<sub>2</sub>, Bismuth telluride thin film (p-type Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> superlattices) and 2.75 for Bismuth telluride thin film (Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>1.2</sub>Te<sub>1.8</sub>). Finally, the present paper investigates on the newest technology and strategies that are applied in this research area in order to enhance the TEG performance enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing global demand for clean drinking water calls for innovative approaches to optimize desalination processes, making them more sustainable and efficient. The integration of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence (AI)—particularly through machine learning and neural networks—is driving the development of advanced nanomembranes with enhanced performance and reliability. AI algorithms embedded in these nanomembrane systems enable real-time monitoring, adaptive responses to changing conditions, and proactive maintenance strategies. For instance, AI can optimize energy consumption, mitigate membrane fouling, and extend membrane lifespan. As these AI-enhanced systems operate, they continuously learn and improve their efficiency under diverse conditions. This technology also supports decentralized water solutions by enabling remote management, reducing the need for on-site personnel, and expanding access to clean water in remote areas. AI-driven systems can analyze real-time data and make informed decisions, ensuring consistent and sustainable operation. However, challenges remain, such as the development of desalination-specific AI algorithms, ensuring scalability and compatibility, and addressing data privacy and security concerns. While the convergence of AI and nanomembrane technology holds immense potential for revolutionizing water desalination, ongoing research and design efforts are essential to fully realize its capabilities in the coming years.
{"title":"Integrating artificial intelligence in nanomembrane systems for advanced water desalination","authors":"Anbarasu Krishnan , Thanigaivel Sundaram , Beemkumar Nagappan , Yuvarajan Devarajan , Bhumika","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for clean drinking water calls for innovative approaches to optimize desalination processes, making them more sustainable and efficient. The integration of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence (AI)—particularly through machine learning and neural networks—is driving the development of advanced nanomembranes with enhanced performance and reliability. AI algorithms embedded in these nanomembrane systems enable real-time monitoring, adaptive responses to changing conditions, and proactive maintenance strategies. For instance, AI can optimize energy consumption, mitigate membrane fouling, and extend membrane lifespan. As these AI-enhanced systems operate, they continuously learn and improve their efficiency under diverse conditions. This technology also supports decentralized water solutions by enabling remote management, reducing the need for on-site personnel, and expanding access to clean water in remote areas. AI-driven systems can analyze real-time data and make informed decisions, ensuring consistent and sustainable operation. However, challenges remain, such as the development of desalination-specific AI algorithms, ensuring scalability and compatibility, and addressing data privacy and security concerns. While the convergence of AI and nanomembrane technology holds immense potential for revolutionizing water desalination, ongoing research and design efforts are essential to fully realize its capabilities in the coming years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103321"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103335
A.S. Abdullah , Abanob Joseph , Gamal B. Abdelaziz , Elbager M.A. Edreis , Mohammed El Hadi Attia , Wissam H. Alawee , Swellam W. Sharshir
The simplest and solar energy-based desalination method, solar still desalination, is presented in response to the expanding need for freshwater. However, as the evaporation process is essential to the functioning of solar stills, effective evaporation upgrades are required to raise the solar desalination ability. Using evacuated tube technology for water heating results in an improved evaporation process that makes solar still desalination replicable. This work conducts a review study on the coupling of this technology with the various types of solar stills. The performance of each type of solar still in conjunction with a solar heater is examined throughout the study, along with the viability of doing so economically. Furthermore, various environmental studies are offered on this kind of assembly to examine how it affects reducing carbon emissions. Additionally, the advantages of combining each form of solar still with the heaters are examined. Moreover, several evacuated tube heater designs, including tank-based, parabolic collector-based, and direct connection to the solar still, also referred to as natural mode, are demonstrated throughout the paper. Proper coupling resulted in yield, energy, and exergetic efficiencies reaching 20.95 L/m2, 65.48, and 6.67 % which were higher than those of basic solar still by 431.7, 57.82, and 74.61 %, respectively. Besides, a bibliometric analysis is conducted using the VOSviewer tool to demonstrate the contribution and trend regarding solar collector-based solar stills.
{"title":"Harnessing evacuated tube technology for enhanced solar still: A comprehensive review","authors":"A.S. Abdullah , Abanob Joseph , Gamal B. Abdelaziz , Elbager M.A. Edreis , Mohammed El Hadi Attia , Wissam H. Alawee , Swellam W. Sharshir","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simplest and solar energy-based desalination method, solar still desalination, is presented in response to the expanding need for freshwater. However, as the evaporation process is essential to the functioning of solar stills, effective evaporation upgrades are required to raise the solar desalination ability. Using evacuated tube technology for water heating results in an improved evaporation process that makes solar still desalination replicable. This work conducts a review study on the coupling of this technology with the various types of solar stills. The performance of each type of solar still in conjunction with a solar heater is examined throughout the study, along with the viability of doing so economically. Furthermore, various environmental studies are offered on this kind of assembly to examine how it affects reducing carbon emissions. Additionally, the advantages of combining each form of solar still with the heaters are examined. Moreover, several evacuated tube heater designs, including tank-based, parabolic collector-based, and direct connection to the solar still, also referred to as natural mode, are demonstrated throughout the paper. Proper coupling resulted in yield, energy, and exergetic efficiencies reaching 20.95 L/m<sup>2</sup>, 65.48, and 6.67 % which were higher than those of basic solar still by 431.7, 57.82, and 74.61 %, respectively. Besides, a bibliometric analysis is conducted using the VOSviewer tool to demonstrate the contribution and trend regarding solar collector-based solar stills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103335"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103194
Francisco Martín-Fernández , María Jesús Martín-Sánchez , Guillermo Guerrero-Vacas , Óscar Rodríguez-Alabanda
The present work developed a first approach to the manufacturing of turning inserts using the emerging Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, specifically employing the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process, based on the extrusion of material and deposition layer by layer. Traditionally, this type of cutting tools were manufactured by powder metallurgy and machining processes, but in this instance Additive Manufacturing processes allowed the customisation of the geometries and eliminated the need of dies to manufacture these tools, leading to economic savings. The study analysed, from different perspectives, the viability of these interchangeable inserts as cutting tools. These approaches included qualitative studies of chip formation and cutting-edge wear as well as thermal and roughness analysis of specimens tested under different conditions. The behaviour of H13 Tool Steel cutting inserts on cylindrical specimens of EN AW-2030 aluminium alloy was compared with commercial carbide inserts, being observed that the chip types produced were extremely similar between those obtained by commercial and those from Additive Manufacturing, particularly in dry conditions. The qualitative study of insert wear showed that AM inserts presented overall larger contribution of built-up edge (BUE) and plastic deformation of the tip, with greater incidence at cutting speeds of Vc = 60 m/min and feed rate of fz = 0.1 mm/r. Regarding thermal analysis, the AM inserts revealed a slightly more abrasive behaviour, resulting in a temperature increase throughout the machining process of approximately 70 °C, with no significant influence from the increase in cutting speed. The study of the surface finish offered average roughness results (Ra) of 0.58 µm for commercial inserts, 1.78 µm in AM inserts with dry tests and 2.06 µm in this same type of insert but tested with lubrication. These variations in average roughness were not significant.
{"title":"Metallic cutting inserts fabrication by means of additive manufacturing with fused filament fabrication technology","authors":"Francisco Martín-Fernández , María Jesús Martín-Sánchez , Guillermo Guerrero-Vacas , Óscar Rodríguez-Alabanda","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work developed a first approach to the manufacturing of turning inserts using the emerging Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, specifically employing the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process, based on the extrusion of material and deposition layer by layer. Traditionally, this type of cutting tools were manufactured by powder metallurgy and machining processes, but in this instance Additive Manufacturing processes allowed the customisation of the geometries and eliminated the need of dies to manufacture these tools, leading to economic savings. The study analysed, from different perspectives, the viability of these interchangeable inserts as cutting tools. These approaches included qualitative studies of chip formation and cutting-edge wear as well as thermal and roughness analysis of specimens tested under different conditions. The behaviour of H13 Tool Steel cutting inserts on cylindrical specimens of EN AW-2030 aluminium alloy was compared with commercial carbide inserts, being observed that the chip types produced were extremely similar between those obtained by commercial and those from Additive Manufacturing, particularly in dry conditions. The qualitative study of insert wear showed that AM inserts presented overall larger contribution of built-up edge (BUE) and plastic deformation of the tip, with greater incidence at cutting speeds of Vc = 60 m/min and feed rate of fz = 0.1 mm/r. Regarding thermal analysis, the AM inserts revealed a slightly more abrasive behaviour, resulting in a temperature increase throughout the machining process of approximately 70 °C, with no significant influence from the increase in cutting speed. The study of the surface finish offered average roughness results (Ra) of 0.58 µm for commercial inserts, 1.78 µm in AM inserts with dry tests and 2.06 µm in this same type of insert but tested with lubrication. These variations in average roughness were not significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103320
Mengqi Xu , Jiajia Fu , Tianhong Feng , Wei Wang
In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in various fields owing to its high specific surface area and rich oxygen-containing functional groups. Adding an appropriate amount of GO (about 0.01–0.1 wt%) is beneficial to strengthen the soft soil foundation, which can improve the mechanical properties of the geopolymers, promote the hydration reaction, and improve the pore structure. The main mechanisms include the distortion effect, intercalation effect, template effect, bridge effect, active catalytic effect, adsorption cementation effect, and nucleation effect. Currently, GO research on cement materials mainly focuses on mortar and concrete and pays less attention to geotechnical engineering fields, such as cement soil. Therefore, to fully understand the unique advantages of GO, to clarify the method and mechanism of GO strengthening soft soil foundations, and to expand its application in geotechnical engineering, we briefly summarise the characterisation methods, dispersion of GO, analyse the influence of the single incorporation of GO on the mechanical properties of geopolymers, and discuss its microscopic mechanism. The environmental and safety effects are also discussed. Finally, the problems existing in the current research are analysed and future research directions are discussed.
近年来，氧化石墨烯（GO）因其高比表面积和丰富的含氧官能团而被广泛应用于各个领域。添加适量的 GO（约 0.01-0.1 wt%）有利于加固软土地基，可提高土工聚合物的力学性能，促进水化反应，改善孔隙结构。主要机理包括变形效应、插层效应、模板效应、架桥效应、活性催化效应、吸附胶结效应和成核效应等。目前，GO 对水泥材料的研究主要集中在砂浆和混凝土方面，对岩土工程领域（如水泥土）的关注较少。因此，为了充分认识 GO 的独特优势，阐明 GO 加固软土地基的方法和机理，拓展其在岩土工程中的应用，我们简要总结了 GO 的表征方法、分散性，分析了单一掺入 GO 对土工聚合物力学性能的影响，探讨了其微观机理。此外，还讨论了对环境和安全的影响。最后，分析了当前研究中存在的问题，并讨论了未来的研究方向。
{"title":"Critical review on graphene oxide modified geopolymers: Dispersion preparation, mechanical properties, and microscopic mechanisms","authors":"Mengqi Xu , Jiajia Fu , Tianhong Feng , Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in various fields owing to its high specific surface area and rich oxygen-containing functional groups. Adding an appropriate amount of GO (about 0.01–0.1 wt%) is beneficial to strengthen the soft soil foundation, which can improve the mechanical properties of the geopolymers, promote the hydration reaction, and improve the pore structure. The main mechanisms include the distortion effect, intercalation effect, template effect, bridge effect, active catalytic effect, adsorption cementation effect, and nucleation effect. Currently, GO research on cement materials mainly focuses on mortar and concrete and pays less attention to geotechnical engineering fields, such as cement soil. Therefore, to fully understand the unique advantages of GO, to clarify the method and mechanism of GO strengthening soft soil foundations, and to expand its application in geotechnical engineering, we briefly summarise the characterisation methods, dispersion of GO, analyse the influence of the single incorporation of GO on the mechanical properties of geopolymers, and discuss its microscopic mechanism. The environmental and safety effects are also discussed. Finally, the problems existing in the current research are analysed and future research directions are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103270
Muthuselvan Balasubramanian, R. Saravanan, Sathish T
The growing importance of composite materials in engineering is reshaping industries such as automotive, maritime, sports, and aerospace. As industries seek sustainable alternatives to synthetic fibers, natural fibers have emerged as a promising solution due to their abundance, low cost, and biodegradability. Natural fibers not only address environmental concerns but also offer a competitive strength-to-weight ratio, making them an attractive choice for reinforcement in modern composites. They overcome many of the limitations of synthetic fibers and fiberglass, offering enhanced mechanical, thermal, and physical properties while being easier to manufacture. This comprehensive review delves into the latest advancements in natural fiber composites, exploring newly discovered fibers and innovative treatment methods. By examining these natural fiber-based polymers, the review highlights their potential to meet the ever-evolving demands for materials that combine superior performance with affordability and sustainability.
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Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103285
Mayra S. Tovar-Oliva, Ignacio Tudela
Electrodeposition is an essential technique for the fabrication of nanomaterials and thin films based on passing an electric current through a support electrode in contact with a solution containing a metal salt dissolved in it. Commonly referred to as ‘electroplating’ in industrial settings, this method is extensively used for developing a wide range of electrocatalytic materials due to its simplicity, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. Despite its widespread use and growing popularity for electrocatalyst fabrication, electrodeposition processes are often misunderstood, and many research studies have not fully leveraged their potential due to a lack of understanding and optimisation of key aspects of the process; consequently, researchers may miss straightforward opportunities to maximise the performance and functionality of electrodeposited electrocatalysts, as small variations in the electrodeposition process parameters can have significant effects on their activity, selectivity and lifespan. To address these issues, the present review delves deeper into the fundamental principles of electrodeposition, explores the mechanisms of electrodeposited material growth and discusses potentiostatic, galvanostatic and pulse electrodeposition techniques in achieving uniform and high-quality films. Moreover, the review discusses how different operation parameters such as pH, temperature or current density influence the process itself and the properties of deposited materials and films. The use of electrodeposited materials as catalysts in various electrochemical applications such as reduction, water splitting, pollutant removal and energy storage, among others, is also reviewed, along with a stimulating discussion on challenges faced by the research community and future opportunities for electrodeposition techniques in the area of electrocatalysis. By providing a comprehensive understanding of how process parameters affect the activity, selectivity, stability, and durability of electrodeposited electrocatalysts, this review underscores the importance of electrodeposition in advancing sustainable and efficient energy solutions.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of nano- and micro-materials: Advancements in electrocatalysts for electrochemical applications","authors":"Mayra S. Tovar-Oliva, Ignacio Tudela","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrodeposition is an essential technique for the fabrication of nanomaterials and thin films based on passing an electric current through a support electrode in contact with a solution containing a metal salt dissolved in it. Commonly referred to as ‘electroplating’ in industrial settings, this method is extensively used for developing a wide range of electrocatalytic materials due to its simplicity, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. Despite its widespread use and growing popularity for electrocatalyst fabrication, electrodeposition processes are often misunderstood, and many research studies have not fully leveraged their potential due to a lack of understanding and optimisation of key aspects of the process; consequently, researchers may miss straightforward opportunities to maximise the performance and functionality of electrodeposited electrocatalysts, as small variations in the electrodeposition process parameters can have significant effects on their activity, selectivity and lifespan. To address these issues, the present review delves deeper into the fundamental principles of electrodeposition, explores the mechanisms of electrodeposited material growth and discusses potentiostatic, galvanostatic and pulse electrodeposition techniques in achieving uniform and high-quality films. Moreover, the review discusses how different operation parameters such as <em>pH</em>, temperature or current density influence the process itself and the properties of deposited materials and films. The use of electrodeposited materials as catalysts in various electrochemical applications such as <figure><img></figure> reduction, water splitting, pollutant removal and energy storage, among others, is also reviewed, along with a stimulating discussion on challenges faced by the research community and future opportunities for electrodeposition techniques in the area of electrocatalysis. By providing a comprehensive understanding of how process parameters affect the activity, selectivity, stability, and durability of electrodeposited electrocatalysts, this review underscores the importance of electrodeposition in advancing sustainable and efficient energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 103285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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