Design of large-spacing, high-stability PANI-NixV2O5 nanobelts as cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries using an organic-inorganic co-embedding strategy

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), distinguished by their high safety and cost-effectiveness, hold significant promise for grid-level energy storage systems. However, the strong interactions between zinc ions and the host lattice of materials lead to suboptimal cycling stability and rate performance. To address this, we present a novel superlattice structure incorporating conductive polymer (PANI) and metal cation (Ni²⁺) double interlayers, which can be utilized as cathodes for AZIBs. The incorporation of the conductive host polymer polyaniline (PANI) reduces the valence state of vanadium, enhances the electrical conductivity, and effectively expands the channels for zinc ion insertion. Additionally, metal cations (Ni²⁺) can effectively induce the synergistic interactions with zinc ions, thereby mitigating the electrostatic interactions with the V₂O₅ host. Consequently, the assembled Zn//PANI-Ni_xV₂O₅ (PNV) battery exhibits a specific capacity of up to 470 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, and retains 89.5 % of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹.