Conversion of Kappaphycus alvarezii macroalgae biomass enriched with fulvic acid into a foliar biostimulant for plant (Oryza sativa L.) growth and stress protection

IF 5.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI:10.1186/s40538-024-00687-6

Tadeu Augusto van Tol de Castro, Danielle França de Oliveira Torchia, Ayhessa Cristina Santos de Lima, Samuel de Abreu Lopes, Raphaella Esterque Cantarino, Natália Fernandes Rodrigues, Erinaldo Gomes Pereira, Vinicius Olivieri Rodrigues Gomes, Leandro Azevedo Santos, Ana Lúcia do Amaral Vendramini, Andrés Calderín García

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Abstract

Background

The incorporation of circular economy into agricultural processes is necessary to improve the efficiency of agronomic practices in the future. The biomass of macroalgae as well as humic substances is sustainable options for stimulating the efficient use of nutrients in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the modes of action of a potential plant biostimulant composed of an aqueous extract of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed plus fulvic acid (KAF) applied to rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves. The aqueous extract was obtained from the fresh biomass of the macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii and the fulvic acid was extracted from a cattle manure vermicompost (FA_VC). Both fractions (K_Alv-sap and FA_VC) were characterized using ¹H NMR. The bioactivity of KAF was evaluated in experiments with four treatments: control (foliar application of water), FA_VC (foliar application of FA_VC), K_Alv-sap (foliar application of seaweed extract), and KAF (foliar application of FA + K_Alv-sap). In rice, the expression of genes related to K⁺ and N transport, plasma membrane H⁺-ATPases, and oxidative stress defense enzymes were evaluated. Metabolites and N, K, and P contents, as well as photosynthetic efficiency and root morphology, were quantified.

Results

The ¹H-NMR spectra showed that KAF is rich in organic fragments such as sugars, nitrogenous, aromatic, and aliphatic compounds in general. Foliar application of KAF resulted in a 7.1% and 19.04% increase in the dry mass of roots and leaves, respectively. These plants had 19% more roots and 11% more total root length. The application of KAF increased in the plant sheaths the N and K contents by up to 50% and 14%, respectively.

Conclusions

The mechanism of action by which KAF triggered these changes seemed to start with an improvement in the photosynthetic efficiency of plants and regulation through increased expression and suppression of genes related to K⁺, N, H⁺-ATPase transporters, and oxidative metabolism. KAF might become a sustainable plant biostimulant that promotes plant growth, development, and defense against abiotic stresses.

Graphical Abstract

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将富含叶酸的 Kappaphycus alvarezii 大型藻类生物质转化为叶面生物刺激剂，用于植物（Oryza sativa L.）的生长和胁迫保护

背景为提高未来农艺实践的效率，有必要将循环经济纳入农业生产流程。大型藻类的生物量和腐殖质是促进植物有效利用养分的可持续选择。本研究旨在评估一种潜在的植物生物刺激剂的作用模式，这种潜在的植物生物刺激剂由 Kappaphycus alvarezii 海藻水提取物和富里酸（KAF）组成，用于水稻（Oryza sativa L.）叶片。水提取物是从大型海藻 Kappaphycus alvarezii 的新鲜生物量中提取的，而富集酸则是从牛粪蛭石堆肥（FAVC）中提取的。这两种馏分（KAlv-sap 和 FAVC）都使用 1H NMR 进行了表征。在四种处理的实验中评估了 KAF 的生物活性：对照（叶面喷施水）、FAVC（叶面喷施 FAVC）、KAlv-sap（叶面喷施海藻提取物）和 KAF（叶面喷施 FA + KAlv-sap）。在水稻中，评估了与 K+ 和 N 运输、质膜 H+-ATP 酶以及氧化应激防御酶有关的基因的表达。结果 1H-NMR 光谱显示，KAF 富含有机片段，如糖、含氮、芳香和脂肪族化合物。叶面喷施 KAF 后，根和叶的干重分别增加了 7.1%和 19.04%。这些植物的根增加了 19%，根的总长度增加了 11%。结论 KAF 引发这些变化的作用机制似乎始于提高植物的光合效率，并通过增加与 K+、N、H+-ATPase 转运体和氧化代谢有关的基因的表达和抑制进行调节。KAF 有可能成为一种可持续的植物生物刺激剂，促进植物的生长、发育和抵御非生物胁迫。

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来源期刊

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

3.00%

发文量

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture. This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.