Sustainability improvement of spark-ignition engine performance enhanced with nanoparticles and hydroxy gas

Abstract

In environmental sustainability, it broadly deals with concerns of climate change, attainment of clean air, utilization of renewable energy sources, establishment of nontoxic environments, and the capability of communities to strive in healthy settings. In light of these challenges, researchers are focusing on minimizing harmful emissions by improving traditional fuels with nano additives and hydroxy gas. This study explores the potential for enhancing gasoline fuel efficiency and lowering harmful emissions by incorporating ceric dioxide nanoparticles and hydroxy gas injection in a gasoline engine. Two concentrations of nanoparticles of 25 ppm and 50 ppm were tested alongside hydroxy gas injection rates of 0.15 kg/h and 0.25 kg/h to assess their effects on engine performance and exhaust emissions. The findings revealed a significant boost in thermal efficiency, with a peak increase of 18.1% and a 20.6% reduction in fuel consumption when using 50 ppm of nanoparticles and 0.25 kg/h of hydroxy gas. Emissions were also significantly lowered, with carbon monoxide emissions dropping by 15.7% and unburned hydrocarbons by 23.6%. Response Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the experimental parameters, achieving a minimum fuel consumption of 0.331 kg/kWh, HC emissions of 216.81 ppm, and CO emissions of 3.206% under the optimal conditions of 50 ppm CeO₂ and 0.25 kg/h HHO gas. These results validate the effectiveness of using nano-enhanced fuels and hydroxy gas injection to boost engine efficiency and cut down on environmental pollutants, presenting a promising avenue for cleaner automotive technologies.