Xiaoyong Sun , Tianyou Jiang , Jiming Hu , Zuojie Song , Yuheng Ge , Yongzhen Wang , Xu Liu , Jianhao Bing , Jinshan Li , Ziyu Zhou , Zhongzhen Tang , Yan Zhao , Jinyu Hao , Changzhen Zuo , Xia Geng , Lingrang Kong
{"title":"Counting wheat heads using a simulation model","authors":"Xiaoyong Sun , Tianyou Jiang , Jiming Hu , Zuojie Song , Yuheng Ge , Yongzhen Wang , Xu Liu , Jianhao Bing , Jinshan Li , Ziyu Zhou , Zhongzhen Tang , Yan Zhao , Jinyu Hao , Changzhen Zuo , Xia Geng , Lingrang Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.compag.2024.109633","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies have reported a significant positive correlation between wheat yield and the quantity of wheat heads. However, collecting data on wheat heads in the field poses a challenge for several reasons, including the uncontrollable nature of the environment, inconsistent data quality, and ambiguous data truth. To address these challenges, we developed a simulation strategy to replicate the conditions of a real wheat field, which enabled the data collection process to be conducted indoors over a short period. After applying grayscale image processing to process the simulated wheat images, we trained and tested nine deep learning models: Faster-RCNN, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, CenterNet, SSD, RetinaNet, EfficientDet, Deformable-DETR and DINO. Our results indicated that YOLOv7 performed the best (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.963, RMSE = 2.463). We then compared our model trained on simulated wheat data to a model trained on real wheat data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.963 vs 0.972, RMSE = 2.463 vs 2.692). We also achieved good model performance on five test sets: GWHD, SDAU2021-SDAU2024. The results demonstrated the efficacy of our simulation, which provides an efficient and convenient strategy for the precision agriculture community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50627,"journal":{"name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 109633"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016816992401024X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported a significant positive correlation between wheat yield and the quantity of wheat heads. However, collecting data on wheat heads in the field poses a challenge for several reasons, including the uncontrollable nature of the environment, inconsistent data quality, and ambiguous data truth. To address these challenges, we developed a simulation strategy to replicate the conditions of a real wheat field, which enabled the data collection process to be conducted indoors over a short period. After applying grayscale image processing to process the simulated wheat images, we trained and tested nine deep learning models: Faster-RCNN, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, CenterNet, SSD, RetinaNet, EfficientDet, Deformable-DETR and DINO. Our results indicated that YOLOv7 performed the best (R2 = 0.963, RMSE = 2.463). We then compared our model trained on simulated wheat data to a model trained on real wheat data (R2 = 0.963 vs 0.972, RMSE = 2.463 vs 2.692). We also achieved good model performance on five test sets: GWHD, SDAU2021-SDAU2024. The results demonstrated the efficacy of our simulation, which provides an efficient and convenient strategy for the precision agriculture community.
期刊介绍:
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture provides international coverage of advancements in computer hardware, software, electronic instrumentation, and control systems applied to agricultural challenges. Encompassing agronomy, horticulture, forestry, aquaculture, and animal farming, the journal publishes original papers, reviews, and applications notes. It explores the use of computers and electronics in plant or animal agricultural production, covering topics like agricultural soils, water, pests, controlled environments, and waste. The scope extends to on-farm post-harvest operations and relevant technologies, including artificial intelligence, sensors, machine vision, robotics, networking, and simulation modeling. Its companion journal, Smart Agricultural Technology, continues the focus on smart applications in production agriculture.