Aspects of heat transfer hybridized micropolar water-based iron oxide and silver nanoparticles across a stretching bidirectional sheet with thermal radiation

Abstract

The hybridization of nanoparticles enhances heat transfer, playing a crucial role in the development of advanced thermal insulation materials. These materials find applications across diverse fields, including electronics design, healthcare, environmental remediation, and automotive engineering. In light of this, the current study investigates the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of hybridized $\left(F{e}_3{O}_4-H_{2}O\right)$ and $\left(Ag-F{e}_3{O}_4-H_{2}O\right)$ micropolar nanofluids over an extending bidirectional sheet characterized by nonlinear thermal radiation. The boundary heating conditions are based on two types of thermal settings in the energy equation: prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF). The resulting partial differential equations are then converted into ordinary differential equations using specific similarity variables. The mathematical equations are solved using the Chebyshev Collocation Method (CCM). Consequently, a variety of graphs and tables are displayed to deliberate the impact of the emerging parameters on the flow and heat transmission processes. At the end, the analysis reveals that an increase in the temperature gradient is higher in a non-isothermal situation as compared to an isothermal case with growth in the Prandtl number. The material property helps to reduce surface drag and heat transfer, whereas the magnetic field increases the skin friction coefficient.