Jessie George, Monica Dimson, Regan E. Dunn, Emily L. Lindsey, Aisling B. Farrell, Brenda Paola Aguilar, Glen M. MacDonald
{"title":"Identification of fossil juniper seeds from Rancho La Brea (California, USA): drought and extirpation in the Late Pleistocene","authors":"Jessie George, Monica Dimson, Regan E. Dunn, Emily L. Lindsey, Aisling B. Farrell, Brenda Paola Aguilar, Glen M. MacDonald","doi":"10.1111/nph.20324","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>\n \n </p>","PeriodicalId":214,"journal":{"name":"New Phytologist","volume":"245 4","pages":"1746-1761"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.20324","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"New Phytologist","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.20324","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
在海拔900米至2700米之间的RLB以北约20公里(Calflora, 2023),尽管在附近的圣莫尼卡山脉(Rundel &;)的较低海拔(<; 100米)观察到孤立的林分。斯特姆苹果,1998;Calflora, 2023)。然而,在晚更新世,柏科花粉的优势,可能是杜松属的,表明在冰河时期,杜松是最普遍的树种,生长在南加州低至377米的海拔(Heusser, 1998;戴维斯,1999;心,2001;Heusser et al., 2015)。在RLB保存的大量大型化石证实了Juniperus spp.是该地区晚更新世林地的优势树种,海拔更低(约58 m)。与花粉相比,在RLB上出现的杜松种子和小枝允许进行物种水平的鉴定,并代表了附近地区的植被生长。杜松属在环境耐受性方面表现出显著的种间差异(Miller &;Wigand, 1994;Lyford et al., 2003)。因此,有必要从化石组合中进行物种水平的鉴定,以了解气候变化在过去如何影响生态系统,以及它们在未来可能如何影响生态系统(Schupp et al., 1997;Dimitri等人,2017)。Rancho La BreaRLB的Juniper独特的化石记录是埋藏中新世含油地层的地表沥青池和周围圣莫尼卡山脉的冲积沉积共同作用的产物(Quinn, 1992)。在整个晚更新世和全新世,黏糊糊的沥青池将洛杉矶盆地北部表面的动植物困住(Akersten et al., 1983;Spencer et al., 2003)。在靠近季节性溪流的地区,洪水沉积物掩埋了被困的有机组织,在持续的沥青渗漏的帮助下,骨骼、几丁质、碳酸钙、纤维素和木质素等组织得以保存。重新渗漏到地表的沥青最终会再次启动截留过程。由此产生的化石材料“口袋”没有容易识别的地层或时间关联,可能代表数万年的时期(Friscia et al., 2008;Holden et al., 2017)。由于这种年龄混合,在离散的时间间隔内确定物种的相对丰度是不可能的,因此我们使用存在/缺失数据进行研究。从RLB中发现的植物化石包括两种杜松的种子:大种子加利福尼亚杜松和一种亲和力不确定的小种子杜松。以前,小种子杜松被描述为J. hanseni n. sp.,一种灭绝的物种(Templeton, 1964)。这种鉴定是基于种子大小和树脂坑排列的定性评价,并与现存的松果含有一个或两个种子的杜松物种进行比较。然而,Templeton对J. hanseni n. sp.的描述从未正式发表过,该分类群在RLB之外的出现也未见报道。考虑到北美晚第四纪大化石记录中只有一种植物物种灭绝(Jackson &;Weng, 1999),更有可能的是,La Brea的小种子杜松来自于现在已经从南加州灭绝的现存杜松物种。本研究的目的是鉴定小种子杜松的种类,并追踪两种杜松在RLB的发生情况。为了确定未知树种的分类亲缘性,我们将化石的小枝和种子形态与选定的现存类群进行了比较,并在各自的现代气候包层下,对形态相似的杜松种建立了末次冰期极大期(LGM)的后延物种分布模型(SDMs)。为了制定一个在RLB的杜松发生的时间表,我们对单个杜松种子进行了放射性碳测年。综合起来,这些数据使我们能够追踪盆地中杜松的历史,并调查其消失的潜在原因。
期刊介绍:
New Phytologist is an international electronic journal published 24 times a year. It is owned by the New Phytologist Foundation, a non-profit-making charitable organization dedicated to promoting plant science. The journal publishes excellent, novel, rigorous, and timely research and scholarship in plant science and its applications. The articles cover topics in five sections: Physiology & Development, Environment, Interaction, Evolution, and Transformative Plant Biotechnology. These sections encompass intracellular processes, global environmental change, and encourage cross-disciplinary approaches. The journal recognizes the use of techniques from molecular and cell biology, functional genomics, modeling, and system-based approaches in plant science. Abstracting and Indexing Information for New Phytologist includes Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, Agroforestry Abstracts, Biochemistry & Biophysics Citation Index, Botanical Pesticides, CAB Abstracts®, Environment Index, Global Health, and Plant Breeding Abstracts, and others.