Alcohol-related injury hospitalisations in relation to alcohol policy changes, Northern Territory, Australia, 2007-2022: A joinpoint regression analysis.

Abstract

Introduction: The Northern Territory (NT) of Australia has the highest rates of alcohol consumption and injury in the country. We aimed to: (i) describe the epidemiology of alcohol-related injury (ARI) hospitalisations in the NT; (ii) estimate the proportion of alcohol involvement in injury hospitalisations; and (iii) consider the influence of alcohol policies on ARI hospitalisation trends.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective time-series study using coded hospitalisation data from NT public hospitals between 2007 and 2022. ARI hospitalisation was defined combining indicators for injury and acute alcohol use. We undertook descriptive analyses and calculated alcohol involvement against all injury hospitalisations. Annual percent changes (APC) were computed using joinpoint regression to examine the influence of alcohol policies on ARI hospitalisation trends by NT geographical regions (Central Australia and Top End).

Results: Alcohol use was associated with 22.6% of all injury hospitalisations. The most common cause of ARI hospitalisations was assault (46%). In Central Australia, a significant trend decline (APC -12.2; p = 0.011) was observed after 2017 following alcohol policies implemented between 2017 and 2018 (Banned Drinkers Register v2; Minimum Unit Price; and Police Auxiliary Liquor Inspectors). Consecutive years with the greatest decrease in Central Australia were 2013-2014 (APC -25.8) and 2018-2019 (APC -35.1); likely influenced by alcohol policies in effect at the time. In the Top End, a non-significant trend decline (APC -26.1; p = 0.186) was observed after 2020.

Discussion and conclusions: Alcohol policies implemented between 2017 and 2018 were associated with reduced ARI hospitalisations in Central Australia. Alcohol policies that demonstrated reduced harm should be sustained.