Wireless passive sensor design based on a highly stable triboelectric nanogenerator for centralized command of diverse electrical appliances

Abstract

The adoption of energy harvesting technology enables wireless sensor nodes to be self-powered, thereby significantly enhancing the deployment flexibility of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). While WSNs utilizing triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are recognized for their immense potential, further development is required to ensure their suitability in real-world applications. In this study, we construct a wireless passive intelligent sensing system based on a highly stable TENG and an LC oscillator circuit, where the sensing information is modulated onto the transmitted signal frequency via fixed or variable capacitive modulation. The sensing system consists of three main components: self-powered signal transmitters, a receiving system integrating a single receiver with a signal processing module, and strong electrical applications. This configuration achieves three-layer physical isolation within the power system, thereby enhancing electrical safety. A self-charge-pumping TENG combined with a gas discharge tube switch is deployed to construct the self-powered signal transmitter, aiming to improve the system's output stability. Signals sent by different transmitters with varying frequencies are received and processed by the receiving system, allowing distinct switching operations and enabling centralized control over multiple electrical devices via a single receiving end. This sensing system holds significant potential for widespread applications in smart homes and the Internet of Things within modern commercial and industrial contexts.