[Clinical management of patients with cavernous malformations of the central nervous system: an update and recommendations for clinical practice].

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral cavernous malformations are benign vascular anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS). The clinical presentation of a cavernoma depends on its location. The majority of patients with cavernomas are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms include epileptic seizures, focal neurological deficits and/or headaches. The clinical management of cavernomas is challenging because numerous factors influence decision-making. These factors include the risk stratification of cavernoma-related hemorrhage, weighing the risks of surgical intervention against the natural course of the cavernoma and the clinical presentation. This article presents current guidelines and recommendations for clinical practice, based on the latest research findings and expert opinions. The article focuses on diagnostic approaches, risk stratification, therapeutic management and follow-up strategies.