Association of different types of milk with depression and anxiety: a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Frontiers in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-12-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1435435

Chunying Wu, Yusheng Liu, Yigui Lai, Qiang Wang, Siqi Wu, Huijie Fan, Yanyan Liu, Xiaoshan Zhao, Xuefeng Jiang

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Abstract

Background: The relationship between different types of milk and depression and anxiety remains unclear, with limited evidence from prospective cohort studies. This study aims to evaluate this relationship using data from the UK Biobank cohort and to explore its potential causality through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between different milk types and the risk of depression and anxiety among 357,568 UK Biobank participants free of these conditions at baseline. To further explore causality, a 2-sample MR analysis was conducted using data from the FinnGen study.

Results: During a median follow-up period of 13.5 years (interquartile range, 12.6-14.2 years), among 357,568 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.83 [8.06] years, 171,246 male individuals [47.9%]), a total of 13,065 and 13,339 participants were diagnosed with depression and anxiety, respectively. In the fully adjusted model (adjusted for sociodemographics characteristics, lifestyle behaviors and health indicators), full cream milk was related to a lower risk of anxiety (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94). Semi-skimmed milk had a lower risk of depression (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96) and anxiety (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98). No significant relationships were found between skimmed milk and depression/anxiety. Other types were related to an increased risk of depression (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28). After Bonferroni correction, the 2-sample MR analysis revealed a potential protective causal relationship between semi-skimmed milk and depression (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95, p = 0.006) and anxiety (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.85, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: These findings indicate that semi-skimmed milk consumption may be linked to a lower risk of depression and anxiety, potentially highlighting its role in dietary strategies to promote mental health.

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不同类型的牛奶与抑郁和焦虑的关联：一项前瞻性队列研究和孟德尔随机分析。

背景：不同类型的牛奶与抑郁和焦虑之间的关系尚不清楚，前瞻性队列研究的证据有限。本研究旨在利用英国生物银行队列的数据来评估这种关系，并通过孟德尔随机化（MR）分析来探索其潜在的因果关系。方法：使用Cox比例风险模型评估357,568名英国生物银行参与者在基线时无抑郁和焦虑风险与不同牛奶类型之间的关系。为了进一步探讨因果关系，使用FinnGen研究的数据进行了两样本MR分析。结果：在中位随访13.5 年（四分位数间距12.6-14.2 年）期间，在357568名参与者（平均[SD]年龄56.83[8.06]岁，171246名男性个体[47.9%]）中，分别有13065名和13339名参与者被诊断为抑郁和焦虑。在完全调整的模型中（根据社会人口统计学特征、生活方式行为和健康指标进行调整），全脂牛奶与较低的焦虑风险相关（HR = 0.84,95% CI: 0.75-0.94）。半脱脂牛奶有较低的抑郁风险（HR = 0.88,95% CI: 0.80-0.96）和焦虑风险（HR = 0.90,95% CI: 0.82-0.98）。脱脂牛奶和抑郁/焦虑之间没有明显的关系。其他类型与抑郁症风险增加相关（HR = 1.14,95% CI: 1.02-1.28）。经Bonferroni校正后，两样本MR分析揭示了半脱脂牛奶与抑郁（OR = 0.83,95% CI: 0.73-0.95, p = 0.006）和焦虑（OR = 0.71,95% CI: 0.59-0.85, p）之间潜在的保护性因果关系。结论：这些发现表明，半脱脂牛奶的消费可能与较低的抑郁和焦虑风险有关，潜在地强调了其在促进心理健康的饮食策略中的作用。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

2891

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health. Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.