New vitality of covalent organic frameworks endued by phthalocyanine: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow

Abstract

Covalent organic framework (COF) materials have shown great potential for applications in numerous fields, such as gas adsorption/separation, energy storage/conversion, sensor, and bio-related application. To further enhance material performance and expand application areas, the development of novel COF materials is always in the spotlight. Phthalocyanine, with inherent versatility and stability, serves as a robust building block for the construction of COF materials, which largely enriches the topology structures and effectively enhances the material performance. As an increasing number of high-performance phthalocyanine-based COFs (Pc-COFs) have been reported, a timely review would be beneficial to further structure design and function development of new materials. Herein, this paper presents a review of the research progress of phthalocyanine-based COFs (Pc-COFs). Firstly, the Pc-COFs are meticulously classified by bonding modes that link the building blocks, and corresponding synthetic conditions, reaction efficacy, and structural features, etc. are summarized. Subsequently, the design concept and practical performance of Pc-COFs from structure to function (including catalysts, batteries, and sensors) are categorized and reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the design and application of Pc-COFs are outlined and the future research directions of Pc-COFs are presented.