Brain endocannabinoid control of metabolic and non-metabolic feeding behaviors.

Abstract

The central endocannabinoid (eCB) system in brain shows a crucial role in the regulation of feeding behaviors, influencing both metabolic and non-metabolic mechanisms of appetite control, which has been paid much attention. Although there are already many review articles discussing eCB modulation of feeding behaviors, our paper attempts to summarize the recent advancements through synapses, circuits, and network in brain. Our focus is on the dual role of eCB signalling in regulating metabolic energy balance and hedonic reward-related feeding. In the context of metabolic regulation of feeding behaviors, eCBs affect the hypothalamic circuits that balance hunger and satiety through signal integration related to energy status and nutrient availability. Dysregulation of this system can contribute to metabolic disorders such as obesity and anorexia. In non-metabolic feeding, the eCB system influences the hedonic aspects of eating by modulating reward pathways, including the mesolimbic system and the olfactory bulb, critical for motivating food intake and processing sensory cues. This review also explores therapeutic strategies targeting the eCB system, including cannabinoid receptor antagonists and eCB hydrolase enzyme inhibitors, which hold promise for treating conditions associated with appetite dysregulation and eating disorders. By synthesizing recent findings, we aim to highlight the intricate mechanisms through which the eCB system affects feeding behavior and to propose future directions for research and therapeutic intervention in the realm of appetite control and eating disorders.