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Neuroprotective effects of nutraceuticals and natural products in Traumatic Brain Injury. 营养保健品和天然产品对创伤性脑损伤的神经保护作用。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105904
K M Bhargavi, Niya Gowthami, G K Chetan, M M Srinivas Bharath

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a global healthcare concern with considerable mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are critical for optimal clinical prognosis in TBI patients. Injury to the brain tissue following TBI is categorized into primary and secondary injury events, with the former being acute, while the latter evolves over a long period. Although surgical intervention is effective to treat primary injury, secondary injury events that could contribute to long term neurological deterioration, cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration do not have appropriate pharmacotherapy. To address this lacuna, studies based on modern medicine to explore novel drugs in TBI have met with limited success. This has led to focussed efforts to assess natural products capable of targeting multiple pathways in TBI. Complex natural mixtures and isolated phytochemicals capable of targeting redox mechanisms, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death pathways and other specific targets etc. have been characterized. However, the field has met with certain limitations and challenges with inadequate clinical studies and trials being the most important concern. The current review provides an overview of the dietary factors, nutraceuticals, natural extracts, and phytochemicals that could be potentially applied in neuroprotection, TBI therapy and long-term management of cognitive symptoms and other neurological deficits.

创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是一个全球性的医疗问题,死亡率和发病率都相当高。早期诊断和及时治疗是创伤性脑损伤患者获得最佳临床预后的关键。创伤后脑组织损伤分为原发性和继发性损伤,前者是急性的,而后者则是长期的。虽然手术干预能有效治疗原发性损伤,但可能导致长期神经功能衰退、认知障碍和神经变性的继发性损伤事件却没有适当的药物疗法。为了弥补这一空白,基于现代医学探索治疗创伤性脑损伤新药的研究取得了有限的成功。因此,人们开始集中精力评估能够针对创伤性脑损伤多种途径的天然产品。能够靶向氧化还原机制、神经炎症、线粒体功能障碍、细胞死亡途径和其他特定靶点等的复杂天然混合物和分离的植物化学物质已被定性。然而,这一领域也遇到了一些限制和挑战,其中最重要的问题是临床研究和试验不足。本综述概述了可用于神经保护、创伤性脑损伤治疗以及认知症状和其他神经功能缺陷的长期管理的膳食因素、营养保健品、天然提取物和植物化学物质。
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引用次数: 0
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides: A promising strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease 何首乌多糖:治疗神经退行性疾病的有效策略。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105902
Xue Jiang , Yumei Wang , Zhaochen Lin , Chao Li , Qian Wang , Junyan Zhang , Xiuhua Liu , Ziye Li , Chao Cui
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), as a neurological disorder characterised by neuronal degeneration and death, are a serious threat to human health and have long attracted attention due to their complex pathogenesis and the ineffectiveness of therapeutic drugs. Existing studies have shown that Polygonatum Sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) have immunoregulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological effects, and their neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in several scientific studies. This paper reviews the main pharmacological effects and mechanisms of PSP in the protection and treatment of NDDs, to provide a reference for the clinical application and basic research of PSP in NDDs.
神经退行性疾病(NDDs)是一种以神经元变性和死亡为特征的神经系统疾病,严重威胁人类健康,由于其发病机制复杂,治疗药物疗效不佳,长期以来一直备受关注。现有研究表明,何首乌多糖(PSP)具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗炎等药理作用,其神经保护作用已在多项科学研究中得到证实。本文综述了 PSP 在保护和治疗 NDD 方面的主要药理作用和机制,为 PSP 在 NDD 方面的临床应用和基础研究提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
The wnt/pyruvate kinase, muscle axis plays an essential role in the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells Wnt/丙酮酸激酶、肌肉轴在小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞的分化过程中起着至关重要的作用。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105901
Cheng Lei , Jiaqi Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Xuemin Ge , Wei Zhao , Xinrong Li , Wei Jiang , Mingyu Ma , Zhenhai Wang , Shanshan Sun , Qingfei Kong , Hulun Li , Lili Mu , Jinghua Wang
Neuronal differentiation and neurite growth are essential processes in nervous system development and are regulated by several factors. Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to mediate the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells via the activation of several pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the mechanism remains unclear. The pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM) plays an important role in the glycolysis of neuroblastoma cells and regulates the Wnt signaling pathway in various cancer cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the Wnt/PKM axis regulates the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a and N1E-115). To test this hypothesis, we used inhibitors and activators of the Wnt/β-catenin and glycolytic pathways in ATRA-induced differentiated Neuro-2a and N1E-115 cells and established cell lines with silenced or a mutant replacement of Pkm. Western blot and qPCR showed that ATRA treatment activated the Wnt signaling pathway and inhibited PKM-mediated glycolysis. The oxygen consumption rate (indicating oxidative phosphorylation) significantly increased, whereas the extracellular acidification rate (indicating glycolysis) significantly decreased during differentiation; these effects were reversed upon PKM inhibition. The Wnt inhibitor ICG-001 and PKM activator ML-265 inhibited ATRA-induced Neuro-2a and N1E-115 differentiation, whereas RNA interference-mediated Pkm silencing promoted Neuro-2a and N1E-115 differentiation, which was reversed by PKM overexpression. Treatment with the Wnt activator kenpaullone promoted Neuro-2a and N1E-115 differentiation, which was reversed by ML-265 administration. These results indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes Neuro-2a and N1E-115 differentiation by inhibiting PKM-mediated glycolysis during ATRA-induced differentiation. These findings may provide a new theoretical basis for the role of glycolysis in nerve differentiation.
神经元分化和神经元生长是神经系统发育的重要过程,受多种因素调控。尽管已证明全反式维甲酸(ATRA)可通过激活包括 Wnt/β-catenin 信号转导在内的多种途径介导小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞的分化,但其机制仍不清楚。丙酮酸激酶(PKM)在神经母细胞瘤细胞的糖酵解过程中发挥着重要作用,并调控着各种癌细胞的 Wnt 信号通路。在本研究中,我们假设 Wnt/PKM 轴调控神经母细胞瘤细胞(Neuro-2a 和 N1E-115)的分化。为了验证这一假设,我们在ATRA诱导分化的Neuro-2a和N1E-115细胞中使用了Wnt/β-catenin和糖酵解通路的抑制剂和激活剂,并建立了沉默或突变替代Pkm的细胞系。Western 印迹和 qPCR 显示,ATRA 处理激活了 Wnt 信号通路,抑制了 PKM 介导的糖酵解。在分化过程中,耗氧率(表明氧化磷酸化)显著增加,而细胞外酸化率(表明糖酵解)显著降低;抑制PKM后,这些效应被逆转。Wnt抑制剂ICG-001和PKM激活剂ML-265抑制了ATRA诱导的Neuro-2a和N1E-115分化,而RNA干扰介导的Pkm沉默促进了Neuro-2a和N1E-115分化,PKM过表达逆转了这一效应。用Wnt激活剂kenpaullone处理可促进Neuro-2a和N1E-115的分化,而服用ML-265可逆转这种分化。这些结果表明,在ATRA诱导的分化过程中,Wnt/β-catenin信号通过抑制PKM介导的糖酵解促进了Neuro-2a和N1E-115的分化。这些发现可能为糖酵解在神经分化中的作用提供了新的理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
The developing mouse dopaminergic system: Cortical-subcortical shift in D1/D2 receptor balance and increasing regional differentiation. 发育中的小鼠多巴胺能系统:皮层-皮层下 D1/D2 受体平衡的转变和区域分化的加剧
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105899
Ingvild E Bjerke, Harry Carey, Jan G Bjaalie, Trygve B Leergaard, Jee Hyun Kim

The dopaminergic system of the brain is involved in complex cognitive functioning and undergoes extensive reorganization during development. Yet, these changes are poorly characterized. We have quantified the density of dopamine 1- and 2-receptor (D1 and D2) positive cells across the forebrain of male and female mice at five developmental stages using validated transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein in cells producing D1 or D2 mRNA. After analyzing >4,500 coronal brain images, a cortico-subcortical shift in D1/D2 balance was discovered, with increasing D1 dominance in cortical regions as a maturational pattern that occurs earlier in females. We describe postnatal trajectories of D1 and D2 cell densities across major brain regions and observe increasing regional differentiation of D1 densities through development. Our results provide the most comprehensive overview of the developing dopaminergic system to date, and an empirical foundation for further experimental and computational investigations of dopaminergic signaling.

大脑多巴胺能系统参与了复杂的认知功能,并在发育过程中经历了广泛的重组。然而,这些变化的特征还很不清楚。我们利用在产生 D1 或 D2 mRNA 的细胞中表达绿色荧光蛋白的有效转基因小鼠,量化了雌雄小鼠前脑五个发育阶段中多巴胺 1 和 2 受体(D1 和 D2)阳性细胞的密度。在对超过 4500 张冠状脑图像进行分析后,我们发现 D1/D2 平衡在皮质-皮质下发生了转变,皮质区域的 D1 优势不断增强,这种成熟模式在雌性小鼠中出现得更早。我们描述了出生后各主要脑区 D1 和 D2 细胞密度的变化轨迹,并观察到 D1 密度在整个发育过程中的区域分化不断加剧。我们的研究结果提供了迄今为止对发育中多巴胺能系统最全面的概述,并为多巴胺能信号转导的进一步实验和计算研究奠定了经验基础。
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引用次数: 0
An overview of the relationship between inflammation and cognitive function in humans, molecular pathways and the impact of nutraceuticals 概述人类炎症与认知功能之间的关系、分子途径和营养保健品的影响。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105900
Chusana Mekhora , Daniel J. Lamport , Jeremy P.E. Spencer
Inflammation has been associated with cognitive decline, whether in the peripheral or central nervous systems. The primary mechanism involves the response of microglia, an immune cell in the brain, which generates pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. The excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators may accelerate the damage to neurons, contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and vascular dementia, as well as a general decline in cognitive function. Various studies have supported the correlation between elevated pro-inflammatory mediators and a decline in cognitive function, particularly in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this association has also been observed in other inflammatory-related conditions, including post-operative cognitive impairment, diabetes, stroke, obesity, and cancer. However, the interaction between inflammatory processes and cognitive function in humans remains unclear and varies according to different health conditions. Therefore, this review aims to consolidate and evaluate the available evidence from original studies as well as meta-analyses in order to provide a greater understanding of the inflammatory process in connection with cognitive function in humans. Furthermore, relevant biological cellular processes, putative inflammatory biomarkers, and the role of nutraceuticals on the interaction between cognitive performance and inflammatory status are outlined.
无论是外周神经系统还是中枢神经系统,炎症都与认知能力下降有关。其主要机制涉及小胶质细胞的反应,小胶质细胞是大脑中的一种免疫细胞,会产生细胞因子、趋化因子和粘附分子等促炎介质。促炎介质的过度产生可能会加速对神经元的损害,导致阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知障碍和血管性痴呆等神经退行性疾病的发生,以及认知功能的普遍下降。多项研究证实,促炎介质升高与认知功能下降之间存在相关性,尤其是在老龄化和与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病中。此外,在其他与炎症相关的疾病中,包括术后认知障碍、糖尿病、中风、肥胖和癌症,也观察到了这种关联。然而,人类炎症过程与认知功能之间的相互作用仍不清楚,而且因不同的健康状况而异。因此,本综述旨在整合和评估来自原始研究和荟萃分析的现有证据,以便更好地了解炎症过程与人类认知功能的关系。此外,还概述了相关的生物细胞过程、推测的炎症生物标志物以及营养保健品在认知能力与炎症状态之间相互作用中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Impairment of neuromotor development and cognition associated with histopathological and neurochemical abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and striatum of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient mice 谷氨酰-CoA脱氢酶缺乏症小鼠大脑皮层和纹状体中与组织病理学和神经化学异常相关的神经运动发育和认知能力受损。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105898
Ediandra Tissot Castro , Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro , Andrey Vinicios Soares Carvalho , Diorlon Nunes Machado , Ângela Beatris Zemniaçak , Rafael Palavro , Sâmela de Azevedo Cunha , Tailine Quevedo Tavares , Diogo Onofre Gomes de Souza , Carlos Alexandre Netto , Guilhian Leipnitz , Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral , Moacir Wajner
Patients with glutaric acidemia type I (GA I) manifest motor and intellectual disabilities whose pathogenesis has been so far poorly explored. Therefore, we evaluated neuromotor and cognitive abilities, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical features in the cerebral cortex and striatum of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) deficient knockout mice (Gcdh−/−), a well-recognized model of GA I. The effects of a single intracerebroventricular glutaric acid (GA) injection in one-day-old pups on the same neurobehavioral and histopathological/immunohistochemical endpoints were also investigated. Seven-day-old Gcdh−/− mice presented altered gait, whereas those receiving a GA neonatal administration manifested other sensorimotor deficits, including an abnormal response to negative geotaxis, cliff aversion and righting reflex, and muscle tone impairment. Compared to the WT mice, adult Gcdh−/− mice exhibited motor impairment, evidenced by poor performance in the Rota-rod test. Furthermore, neonatal GA administration provoked long-standing short- and long-term memory impairment in adult Gcdh−/− mice. Regarding the histopathological features, a significant increase in vacuoles and neurodegenerative cells was observed in both the cerebral cortex and striatum of 15- and 60-day-old Gcdh−/− mice and was more pronounced in mice injected with GA. Neuronal loss (decrease of NeuN staining) was also significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and striatum of Gcdh−/− mice, particularly in those neonatally injected with GA. In contrast, immunohistochemistry of MBP, astrocytic proteins GFAP and S100B, and the microglial marker Iba1 was not changed in 60-day-old Gcdh−/− mice, suggesting no myelination disturbance, reactive astrogliosis, and microglia activation, respectively. These data highlight the neurotoxicity of GA and the importance of early treatment aiming to decrease GA accumulation at early stages of development to prevent brain damage and learning/memory disabilities in GA I patients.
戊二酸血症 I 型(GA I)患者表现为运动和智力障碍,其发病机制迄今为止尚未得到深入研究。因此,我们评估了谷草酰-CoA脱氢酶(GCDH)缺陷基因敲除小鼠(Gcdh-/-)的神经运动和认知能力以及大脑皮层和纹状体的组织病理学和免疫组化特征。我们还研究了对出生一天的幼鼠脑室内注射一次戊二酸(GA)对相同的神经行为和组织病理学/免疫组化终点的影响。七日龄的 Gcdh-/- 小鼠步态发生改变,而那些接受 GA 新生儿给药的小鼠则表现出其他感觉运动缺陷,包括对负向地轴、悬崖厌恶和向右转反射的异常反应,以及肌张力损伤。与 WT 小鼠相比,成年 Gcdh-/- 小鼠表现出运动障碍,这体现在罗盘杆试验中的不良表现。此外,新生儿给予GA会引起成年Gcdh-/-小鼠长期的短期和长期记忆障碍。在组织病理学特征方面,在15天和60天大的Gcdh-/-小鼠的大脑皮层和纹状体中都观察到空泡和神经退行性细胞显著增加,在注射GA的小鼠中更为明显。在 Gcdh-/- 小鼠的大脑皮层和纹状体中,神经元丢失(NeuN 染色减少)也显著增加,尤其是在新生儿注射 GA 的小鼠中。与此相反,在 60 天大的 Gcdh-/- 小鼠中,MBP、星形胶质细胞蛋白 GFAP 和 S100B 以及小胶质细胞标记物 Iba1 的免疫组化结果没有变化,这分别表明没有髓鞘化紊乱、反应性星形胶质细胞增生和小胶质细胞活化。这些数据突显了GA的神经毒性以及早期治疗的重要性,早期治疗旨在减少GA在发育早期的积累,以防止GA I患者的脑损伤和学习/记忆障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Boron: An intriguing factor in retarding Alzheimer's progression 硼:延缓阿尔茨海默氏症进展的有趣因素
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105897
Ashmita Das , Vikas Rajput , Durlav Chowdhury , Rajesh Choudhary , Surendra H. Bodakhe
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the fifth most common cause of mortality worldwide and the second most common cause of death in developed countries. The etiology of AD remains poorly understood; however, it is correlated with the accumulation of proteins in the brain, ultimately leading to cellular damage. Multiple factors, including genetic and environmental factors such as chemicals or food, have been linked to protein aggregation and cell death in AD. Boron is a vital micronutrient that is necessary for plant growth and is abundantly present in various fruits and nuts. Prior research has emphasized the importance of boron as a neuroprotective agent and necessary component for the preservation of brain health and function. However, the precise function of boron in the brain remains poorly understood. This review elucidates the molecular role of boron in the brain by examining existing information about its impact on neurodegenerative diseases and may provide a deeper understanding of the etiology of AD and, ultimately, lead to the development of novel approaches for its treatment.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,是全球第五大常见死因,也是发达国家第二大常见死因。人们对阿尔茨海默病的病因仍知之甚少,但它与大脑中蛋白质的积累有关,最终导致细胞损伤。包括遗传和环境因素(如化学物质或食物)在内的多种因素都与注意力缺失症的蛋白质聚集和细胞死亡有关。硼是植物生长所必需的重要微量营养元素,在各种水果和坚果中含量丰富。先前的研究强调了硼作为神经保护剂的重要性,以及作为保护大脑健康和功能的必要成分的重要性。然而,人们对硼在大脑中的确切功能仍然知之甚少。这篇综述通过研究硼对神经退行性疾病影响的现有信息,阐明了硼在大脑中的分子作用,并可能使人们对注意力缺失症的病因有更深入的了解,最终开发出治疗注意力缺失症的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872 in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease RIPK3 抑制剂 GSK872 在 MPTP 诱导的帕金森病小鼠模型中的神经保护和抗炎作用。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105896
Jin-Sun Park , Yea-Hyun Leem , Do-Yeon Kim , Jae-Min Park , Seong-Eun Kim , Hee-Sun Kim
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder triggered by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Recent studies have demonstrated that necroptosis is involved in dopaminergic neuronal cell death and the resulting neuroinflammation. During the process of necroptosis, a necrosome complex is formed consisting of the proteins receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Although the neuroprotective effects of the RIPK1-specific inhibitor necrostatin-1, as well as RIPK3 and MLKL knockout in mice, have been described, the effects of RIPK3 pharmacological inhibitors have not yet been reported in animal models of PD. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GSK872, a specific RIPK3 inhibitor, in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. GSK872 rescued MPTP-induced motor impairment and inhibited tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic cell death in the SN and striatum. Additionally, GSK872 inhibited the MPTP-induced increase in the expression of p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL in both the dopaminergic neurons and microglia, as assessed by biochemical and histological analyses. GSK872 further inhibited microglial activation and the expression of inflammatory mediators including NLRP3, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the SN region of MPTP mice. Using in vitro experiments, we validated the effects of GSK872 on necroptosis in SH-SY5Y neuronal and BV2 microglial cells. Overall, our results suggest that GSK872 exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and may thus have therapeutic potential for PD.
帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种神经退行性疾病,由黑质(substantia nigra,SN)中多巴胺能神经元的丧失引发。最近的研究表明,坏死蛋白沉积参与了多巴胺能神经细胞的死亡和由此引发的神经炎症。在坏死过程中,会形成一个由受体相互作用蛋白激酶 1(RIPK1)、RIPK3 和混合系激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)组成的坏死体复合物。虽然RIPK1特异性抑制剂necrostatin-1以及小鼠RIPK3和MLKL基因敲除具有神经保护作用,但RIPK3药理抑制剂在帕金森病动物模型中的作用尚未见报道。在本研究中,我们研究了特异性 RIPK3 抑制剂 GSK872 在 1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森病小鼠模型中的神经保护作用。GSK872 可挽救 MPTP 诱导的运动障碍,并抑制 SN 和纹状体中酪氨酸羟化酶阳性多巴胺能细胞的死亡。此外,根据生化和组织学分析,GSK872 还抑制了 MPTP 诱导的 p-RIPK3 和 p-MLKL 在多巴胺能神经元和小胶质细胞中的表达增加。GSK872 进一步抑制了 MPTP 小鼠 SN 区域的小胶质细胞活化和炎症介质(包括 NLRP3、白细胞介素 (IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α 和诱导型一氧化氮合酶)的表达。通过体外实验,我们验证了 GSK872 对 SH-SY5Y 神经元和 BV2 小胶质细胞坏死的影响。总之,我们的研究结果表明,GSK872 具有神经保护和抗炎作用,因此可能具有治疗帕金森病的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Altered sex differences related to food intake, hedonic preference, and FosB/deltaFosB expression within central neural circuit involved in homeostatic and hedonic food intake regulation in Shank3B mouse model of autism spectrum disorder 自闭症谱系障碍 Shank3B 小鼠模型中与食物摄入量、享乐偏好和 FosB/deltaFosB 表达有关的性别差异,这些神经回路参与食物摄入量的平衡调节和享乐调节。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105895
Zdenko Pirník , Ivan Szadvári , Veronika Borbélyová , Aleksandra Tomova
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder accompanied by narrow interests, difficulties in communication and social interaction, and repetitive behavior. In addition, ASD is frequently associated with eating and feeding problems. Although the symptoms of ASD are more likely to be observed in boys, the prevalence of eating disorders is more common in females. The ingestive behavior is regulated by the integrative system of the brain, which involves both homeostatic and hedonic neural circuits. Sex differences in the physiology of food intake depend on sex hormones regulating the expression of the ASD-associated Shank genes. Shank3 mutation leads to ASD-like traits and Shank3B −/− mice have been established as an animal model to study the neurobiology of ASD. Therefore, the long-lasting neuronal activity in the central neural circuit related to the homeostatic and hedonic regulation of food intake was evaluated in both sexes of Shank3B mice, followed by the evaluation of the food intake and preference. In the Shank3B +/+ genotype, well-preserved relationships in the tonic activity within the homeostatic neural network together with the relationships between ingestion and hedonic preference were observed in males but were reduced in females. These interrelations were partially or completely lost in the mice with the Shank3B −/− genotype. A decreased hedonic preference for the sweet taste but increased total food intake was found in the Shank3B −/− mice. In the Shank3B −/− group, there were altered sex differences related to the amount of tonic cell activity in the hedonic and homeostatic neural networks, together with altered sex differences in sweet and sweet-fat solution intake. Furthermore, the Shank3B −/− females exhibited an increased intake and preference for cheese compared to the Shank3B +/+ ones. The obtained data indicate altered functional crosstalk between the central homeostatic and hedonic neural circuits involved in the regulation of food intake in ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍,伴有兴趣狭窄、沟通和社交困难以及重复行为。此外,自闭症还经常伴有进食和喂养问题。虽然男孩更容易出现 ASD 的症状,但进食障碍在女性中更为常见。进食行为受大脑综合系统的调节,该系统涉及平衡神经回路和享乐神经回路。食物摄入生理上的性别差异取决于性激素对 ASD 相关 Shank 基因表达的调控。Shank3 基因突变会导致类似 ASD 的特征,Shank3B -/- 小鼠已被确立为研究 ASD 神经生物学的动物模型。因此,我们评估了雌雄Shank3B小鼠中枢神经回路中与食物摄入的平衡性和享乐性调节相关的神经元长效活动,然后评估了食物摄入量和偏好。在 Shank3B +/+ 基因型小鼠中,可以观察到雄性小鼠平衡神经网络内的强直活动关系以及摄入与享乐偏好之间的关系,但雌性小鼠的这种关系有所减弱。在 Shank3B -/- 基因型的小鼠中,这些相互关系部分或完全消失。Shank3B -/-小鼠对甜味的享乐偏好降低,但总食物摄入量增加。在 Shank3B -/-组中,与享乐神经网络和平衡神经网络中的强直性细胞活动量有关的性别差异发生了改变,同时甜味和甜脂溶液摄入量的性别差异也发生了改变。此外,与 Shank3B +/+ 雌性相比,Shank3B -/- 雌性对奶酪的摄入量和偏好都有所增加。所获得的数据表明,参与 ASD 食物摄入调节的中枢平衡神经回路和享乐神经回路之间的功能串扰发生了改变。
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引用次数: 0
Discriminating fingerprints of chronic neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury using artificial neural networks and mass spectrometry analysis of female mice serum 利用人工神经网络和雌性小鼠血清质谱分析鉴别脊髓损伤后慢性神经病理性疼痛的指纹。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105890
Meritxell Deulofeu , Eladia M. Peña-Méndez , Petr Vaňhara , Josef Havel , Lukáš Moráň , Lukáš Pečinka , Anna Bagó-Mas , Enrique Verdú , Victoria Salvadó , Pere Boadas-Vaello
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to central neuropathic pain, a condition associated with significant morbidity and is challenging in terms of the clinical management. Despite extensive efforts, identifying effective biomarkers for neuropathic pain remains elusive. Here we propose a novel approach combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to discriminate between mass spectral profiles associated with chronic neuropathic pain induced by SCI in female mice. Functional evaluations revealed persistent chronic neuropathic pain following mild SCI as well as minor locomotor disruptions, confirming the value of collecting serum samples. Mass spectra analysis revealed distinct profiles between chronic SCI and sham controls. On applying ANNs, 100% success was achieved in distinguishing between the two groups through the intensities of m/z peaks. Additionally, the ANNs also successfully discriminated between chronic and acute SCI phases. When reflexive pain response data was integrated with mass spectra, there was no improvement in the classification. These findings offer insights into neuropathic pain pathophysiology and underscore the potential of MALDI-TOF MS coupled with ANNs as a diagnostic tool for chronic neuropathic pain, potentially guiding attempts to discover biomarkers and develop treatments.
脊髓损伤(SCI)通常会导致中枢神经病理痛,这种病症与严重的发病率有关,而且在临床治疗方面具有挑战性。尽管做出了大量努力,但确定神经病理性疼痛的有效生物标记物仍然遥遥无期。在这里,我们提出了一种结合基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)和人工神经网络(ANNs)的新方法,用于区分与雌性小鼠因脊髓损伤诱发的慢性神经性疼痛相关的质谱图谱。功能评估显示,轻度 SCI 后会出现持续性慢性神经病理性疼痛以及轻微的运动障碍,这证实了采集血清样本的价值。质谱分析揭示了慢性 SCI 和假对照组之间的不同特征。在应用 ANNs 时,通过 m/z 峰的强度区分两组的成功率达到了 100%。此外,ANN 还成功区分了慢性和急性 SCI 阶段。当反射性疼痛反应数据与质谱数据整合时,分类效果没有改善。这些发现提供了对神经病理性疼痛病理生理学的见解,并强调了 MALDI-TOF MS 与 ANNs 结合作为慢性神经病理性疼痛诊断工具的潜力,有可能为发现生物标记物和开发治疗方法提供指导。
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Neurochemistry international
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