Facilitators and Barriers to Values Discussions Following LVAD Implantation: Perspectives from Diverse Patients and Family Caregivers

Abstract

Background

Delivering care that is responsive to who or what is most important to patients and family caregivers is a key aspect of quality care, yet it remains unclear how clinicians can best support individuals in expressing their personal values. We aimed to describe patient- and family caregiver–identified facilitators and barriers to engaging in values discussions with clinicians following implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).

Methods and results

Using a qualitative descriptive approach, patients with an LVAD and their caregivers participated in 1-on-1 semistructured interviews and self-reported sociodemographics (January 2023–July 2023). Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were computed for quantitative data.

Results

Patients (n = 27; ages 30–76 years) were predominantly male (59%) and non-Hispanic Black (67%). Caregivers (n = 21; ages 27–76) were female (76%), non-Hispanic Black (67%), and a spouse/partner (62%). Facilitators (5 shared across patient/caregiver groups; 8 unique across patient/caregiver groups) included a perceived close relationship (patient/caregiver), values alignment (patient/caregiver), clinician discussion initiation (patient/caregiver), facing an impending decision (patient/caregiver), 1-on-1 dyadic interactions (patient/caregiver), being assertive (patient), positive dyadic communication (caregiver), and involvement of a third party (caregiver). Barriers (2 shared; 7 unique) included belief that their values are already known (patient/caregiver), sensitivity about values (patient/caregiver), uncertainty about timing (patient), poor clinical communication (patient), patient hopelessness (patient), perceived lack of clinician time (caregiver), and having a reserved personality (caregiver).

Conclusion

Findings offer insight into actionable facilitators and barriers to discussions promoting incorporation of patient and family values into LVAD maintenance and chronic disease management.