Hydrogel-based nonwoven with persistent porosity for whole-stage hypertonic wound healing by regulating of water vaporization enthalpy.

Abstract

Moisture induced by wound exudate is crucial throughout the wound repair process. The dressing directly affects the absorption, permeation, and evaporation of the wound exudate. However, most dressings in clinical often result in excessive dryness or moisture of wound due to their monotonous structure and function, leading to ineffective thermodynamic control of evaporation enthalpy. Herein, a hydrogel-based nonwoven dressing (Gel-Fabric) with asymmetric amphiphilic surface and persistent microscopic porous structure is constructed by integrating intrinsic hydrophilic absorbent hydrogel fibers and hydrophobic ultrafine PET fibers. The novel Gel-Fabric facilitates rapid vertical drainage of wound exudate through the capillary effect and Laplace pressure synergy. Additionally, dynamic stepwise moisture management is also achieved by regulating the vaporization enthalpy of exudate. In vivo experiments confirm that Gel-Fabric significantly promotes wound healing, vascularization, and endothelialization, achieving a higher healing rate than ordinary dressings. Furthermore, compared to the clinical dressings, Gel-Fabric significantly reduces the frequency of dressing changes, offering improved outcomes for patients and more efficient wound management for healthcare providers.