An overview of advancements in biomass pyrolysis modeling: Applications, challenges, and future perspectives in rotary reactors

Abstract

Biomass pyrolysis holds promise for both economic value and environmental benefits, while rotary reactors offer advantages in material handling and heat transfer. Efficient pyrolysis requires addressing performance metrics, and modeling plays a key role in improving yield and manageability. However, the complexity of biomass composition has limited the effectiveness of many existing models, despite significant progress in the field. This study examines the distinct operational conditions of rotary reactors, offering an extensive overview of the present state of biomass pyrolysis modeling while investigating possible approaches to enhance the accuracy of these models. Additionally, the paper highlights experimental research and advancements in CFD modeling related to biomass pyrolysis within rotary reactors. The paper begins with a detailed introduction to the biomass particles’ motion behavior and the heat transfer mechanisms within rotary reactors. Following this, a critical evaluation of existing biomass pyrolysis modeling methods, including macroscopic kinetic modeling, molecular dynamics modeling, CFD modeling, and machine learning algorithms, is presented. Specifically addressing biomass pyrolysis in rotary reactors, the paper summarizes relevant experimental studies, discussing optimal conditions for producing pyrolysis oil under different operational parameters. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth discussion on the development and application of predictive modeling tools based on the two-fluid model and coupled CFD-DEM (Discrete Element Method). Finally, the paper highlights challenges in biomass pyrolysis modeling and recommends focusing on particle model optimization, refining chemical reaction kinetics, and improving parallel computing efficiency for future research on modeling pyrolysis in rotary furnaces.