Isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from jackfruit peel: A comparative analysis of organic and inorganic acid hydrolysis on structural, thermal, and rheological properties

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Biomass & Bioenergy Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107716

Subhanki Padhi , Ashutosh Singh , Valerie Orsat , Winny Routray

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Abstract

Jackfruit peel (JP) is a lignocellulosic biomass rich in cellulosic components with promising upcycling potential. This work involves the comparative study of the extraction of nanocellulose (NC) from JP by using different inorganic (sulphuric (SA), hydrochloric (HA), and phosphoric acid (PA)) and organic (formic (FA), oxalic (OA), and citric acid (CA)) acids at 6M concentration for 3 h at 80 °C. Yield, particle size, zeta potential, crystallinity, morphology (FESEM and TEM), rheological, and thermal properties (TGA) were determined to investigate the influence of organic and inorganic acid hydrolysis on obtained nanocellulose. Inorganic acid hydrolysis produced nanocellulose with particle size ranging from 100 to 160 nm, whereas organic acid hydrolyzed nanocellulose had a particle size ranging from 170 to 230 nm. Organic acid hydrolyzed NCs had higher crystallinity than inorganic acid hydrolyzed NCs (NC/CA > NC/OA > NC/FA > NC/PA > NC/HA > NC/SA). The functional properties of NCs varied with size and crystallinity of NCs. FTIR spectra showed that the native functional groups of cellulose remained intact in the obtained nanocellulose. TGA exhibited good thermal stability of NCs, and cellulose as compared to raw JP. Rheological characteristics revealed the shear thinning behaviour and the gel-forming ability of nanocellulose suspension. The characterization of nanocellulose provided detailed insights into how different acids influence its structural and functional properties, highlighting their implications for diverse applications. This study emphasizes transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into nanocellulose as a sustainable strategy to reduce environmental waste and promote circular economy practices.

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菠萝蜜皮纳米纤维素的分离与表征：有机酸水解与无机酸水解在结构、热、流变特性上的比较分析

菠萝蜜皮是一种富含纤维素成分的木质纤维素生物质，具有很好的升级利用潜力。本研究比较了不同的无机酸（硫酸（SA）、盐酸（HA）、磷酸（PA））和有机酸（甲酸（FA）、草酸（OA）、柠檬酸（CA））在6M浓度下，在80°C下提取3小时，从JP中提取纳米纤维素（NC）。通过测定产率、粒径、zeta电位、结晶度、形貌（FESEM和TEM）、流变学和热性能（TGA）来研究有机和无机酸水解对所得纳米纤维素的影响。无机酸水解制备的纳米纤维素粒径在100 ~ 160 nm之间，而有机酸水解制备的纳米纤维素粒径在170 ~ 230 nm之间。有机酸水解NCs结晶度高于无机酸水解NCs (NC/CA >；数控/ OA比;数控/ FA比;数控/ PA比;数控/公顷祝辞数控/ SA)。纳米碳的功能性质随纳米碳的大小和结晶度而变化。红外光谱分析表明，制备的纳米纤维素中纤维素的天然官能团保持完整。与原JP相比，TGA的NCs和纤维素表现出良好的热稳定性。流变学特性揭示了纳米纤维素悬浮液的剪切减薄行为和成胶能力。纳米纤维素的表征提供了不同酸如何影响其结构和功能特性的详细见解，突出了它们在不同应用中的意义。本研究强调将木质纤维素生物质转化为纳米纤维素是减少环境浪费和促进循环经济实践的可持续战略。

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来源期刊

Biomass & Bioenergy 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

3.30%

发文量

258

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： Biomass & Bioenergy is an international journal publishing original research papers and short communications, review articles and case studies on biological resources, chemical and biological processes, and biomass products for new renewable sources of energy and materials. The scope of the journal extends to the environmental, management and economic aspects of biomass and bioenergy. Key areas covered by the journal: • Biomass: sources, energy crop production processes, genetic improvements, composition. Please note that research on these biomass subjects must be linked directly to bioenergy generation. • Biological Residues: residues/rests from agricultural production, forestry and plantations (palm, sugar etc), processing industries, and municipal sources (MSW). Papers on the use of biomass residues through innovative processes/technological novelty and/or consideration of feedstock/system sustainability (or unsustainability) are welcomed. However waste treatment processes and pollution control or mitigation which are only tangentially related to bioenergy are not in the scope of the journal, as they are more suited to publications in the environmental arena. Papers that describe conventional waste streams (ie well described in existing literature) that do not empirically address ''new'' added value from the process are not suitable for submission to the journal. • Bioenergy Processes: fermentations, thermochemical conversions, liquid and gaseous fuels, and petrochemical substitutes • Bioenergy Utilization: direct combustion, gasification, electricity production, chemical processes, and by-product remediation • Biomass and the Environment: carbon cycle, the net energy efficiency of bioenergy systems, assessment of sustainability, and biodiversity issues.