Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109202
Titin Handayani , Prasetiyadi Prasetiyadi , Amita Indah Sitomurni , Akhmad Rifai , Nuha Nuha , Arief Barkah , Djatmiko Pinardi , Firman L. Sahwan , Sri Wahyono , Feddy Suryanto , Suprapto Suprapto , Diyono Diyono , Fauziah F. Rochman , Joko Prayitno Susanto , Muhammad Hanif , Teddy W. Sudinda , Donowati Tjokrokusumo
Anaerobic digestion of domestic food waste (DFW) generates nutrient-rich digestate and CO2-rich biogas that require post-treatment to improve system efficiency and environmental compliance. This study develops a process-integrated microalgae cultivation system that simultaneously removes nutrients from DFW digestate and captures CO2 from raw biogas using a smart photobioreactor. The results demonstrated that cultivating C. pyrenoidosa at an initial cell density of 1 × 104 cells mL−1with 10% (v/v) biogas CO2 achieved optimal biomass production, reaching 2.542 × 107 cells mL−1 after 15 days. Increasing cell density to 2 × 104 cells mL−1 or higher CO2 levels (15%) reduced growth due to limited CO2 utilization efficiency. The system achieved 90.74% CO2 removal efficiency and enhanced methane purity to 94%, indicating effective biogas upgrading. Simultaneously, nutrient removal efficiencies reached 87% for nitrogen and 95% for phosphate, demonstrating substantial nutrient recycling from digestate. Each gram of dry biomass fixed 2.538 g of CO2, highlighting the strong biofixation potential of C. pyrenoidosa. The produced biomass exhibited high protein and carbohydrate content, suggesting potential for value-added bioenergy and bioproduct applications. These findings confirm the feasibility of integrating CO2 capture and nutrient recovery for sustainable bioenergy production, contributing to a circular and low-carbon bioeconomy.
{"title":"Integrated carbon dioxide capture and nutrient removal from food waste digestate: A microalgae-assisted process in a smart photobioreactor for enhanced environmental performance","authors":"Titin Handayani , Prasetiyadi Prasetiyadi , Amita Indah Sitomurni , Akhmad Rifai , Nuha Nuha , Arief Barkah , Djatmiko Pinardi , Firman L. Sahwan , Sri Wahyono , Feddy Suryanto , Suprapto Suprapto , Diyono Diyono , Fauziah F. Rochman , Joko Prayitno Susanto , Muhammad Hanif , Teddy W. Sudinda , Donowati Tjokrokusumo","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic digestion of domestic food waste (DFW) generates nutrient-rich digestate and CO<sub>2</sub>-rich biogas that require post-treatment to improve system efficiency and environmental compliance. This study develops a process-integrated microalgae cultivation system that simultaneously removes nutrients from DFW digestate and captures CO<sub>2</sub> from raw biogas using a smart photobioreactor. The results demonstrated that cultivating <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em> at an initial cell density of 1 × 10<sup>4</sup> cells mL<sup>−1</sup>with 10% (v/v) biogas CO<sub>2</sub> achieved optimal biomass production, reaching 2.542 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells mL<sup>−1</sup> after 15 days. Increasing cell density to 2 × 10<sup>4</sup> cells mL<sup>−1</sup> or higher CO<sub>2</sub> levels (15%) reduced growth due to limited CO<sub>2</sub> utilization efficiency. The system achieved 90.74% CO<sub>2</sub> removal efficiency and enhanced methane purity to 94%, indicating effective biogas upgrading. Simultaneously, nutrient removal efficiencies reached 87% for nitrogen and 95% for phosphate, demonstrating substantial nutrient recycling from digestate. Each gram of dry biomass fixed 2.538 g of CO<sub>2</sub>, highlighting the strong biofixation potential of <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em>. The produced biomass exhibited high protein and carbohydrate content, suggesting potential for value-added bioenergy and bioproduct applications. These findings confirm the feasibility of integrating CO<sub>2</sub> capture and nutrient recovery for sustainable bioenergy production, contributing to a circular and low-carbon bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Circulating hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a sustainable way for enhancing the formation of humic acids (HAs) and mitigating the concerns of process water (PW) treatment. However, the accumulation of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in PW occurs synchronously. Herein, the influence of AAEMs valence state and concentration on HAs formation was examined. The accumulation of divalent AAEMs in PW significantly increases the hydrochar (HC) yield, while all AAEMs enhance the HAs yield. Among them, Na+ shows the best promotion effect on HAs yield of 9.22%. FTIR analysis shows that the monovalent AAEMs at 1 g L−1 promote the retention of aliphatic structures in HAs, while the aromatic C=C intensity reduces slightly. More aliphatic and aromatic structure in HAs is observed by divalent AAEMs at 10 g L−1. The divalent AAEMs cause a slight blue shift of HAs in 3D EEM, indicating lower aromatic condensation and molecular weight. Parallel factor analysis suggests that the accumulation of Ca in PW decreases the fluorescence intensity of HAs, further causing a shift from high aromatic and large molecular Component 1 to Component 2 with less condensed and more oxygenated fluorophores, indicating lower aromaticity and degree of condensation. This study provides a theoretical insight into the influence of AAEMs in PW on HA formation in the circulating HTC.
循环水热碳化（HTC）已成为促进腐植酸（has）形成和减轻工艺水（PW）处理问题的可持续途径。而碱土金属和碱土金属在PW中的富集是同步发生的。本文考察了AAEMs的价态和浓度对HAs形成的影响。二价aaem在PW中的积累显著提高了碳氢化合物（HC）的产量，而所有aaem都提高了碳氢化合物（HAs）的产量。其中Na+对HAs收率的促进效果最好，达到9.22%。FTIR分析表明，1 g L−1的单价AAEMs促进了脂肪族结构在HAs中的保留，而芳香C=C强度略有降低。在10 g L−1时，用二价aaem观察到HAs中更多的脂肪族和芳香族结构。二价aaem在3D EEM中引起HAs的轻微蓝移，表明芳香缩合和分子量较低。平行因子分析表明，Ca在PW中的积累降低了HAs的荧光强度，进一步导致组分1从高芳香族、大分子的组分1向组分2转变，组分2的荧光团凝聚较少，含氧较多，说明芳香族性和凝聚程度较低。本研究为PW中aaem对循环HTC中HA形成的影响提供了理论见解。
{"title":"Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals accumulation in process water on humic acids formation during the circulating hydrothermal carbonization of Chinese medicine residues","authors":"Xiaoyuan Zheng, Xudong Xing, Rui Wang, Zhi Ying, Bo Wang, Binlin Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circulating hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has emerged as a sustainable way for enhancing the formation of humic acids (HAs) and mitigating the concerns of process water (PW) treatment. However, the accumulation of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in PW occurs synchronously. Herein, the influence of AAEMs valence state and concentration on HAs formation was examined. The accumulation of divalent AAEMs in PW significantly increases the hydrochar (HC) yield, while all AAEMs enhance the HAs yield. Among them, Na<sup>+</sup> shows the best promotion effect on HAs yield of 9.22%. FTIR analysis shows that the monovalent AAEMs at 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> promote the retention of aliphatic structures in HAs, while the aromatic C=C intensity reduces slightly. More aliphatic and aromatic structure in HAs is observed by divalent AAEMs at 10 g L<sup>−1</sup>. The divalent AAEMs cause a slight blue shift of HAs in 3D EEM, indicating lower aromatic condensation and molecular weight. Parallel factor analysis suggests that the accumulation of Ca in PW decreases the fluorescence intensity of HAs, further causing a shift from high aromatic and large molecular Component 1 to Component 2 with less condensed and more oxygenated fluorophores, indicating lower aromaticity and degree of condensation. This study provides a theoretical insight into the influence of AAEMs in PW on HA formation in the circulating HTC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109232"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109239
Dhanashree R. Kavhale , Nishikant A. Raut , Bharat A. Bhanvase , Yogeshwary M. Bhongade
Flavonoids, secondary metabolites of diverse phenolic compounds from plant sources, exhibit numerous pharmacological properties and therefore, efficient extraction methods are crucial for obtaining these bioactive compounds for qualitative analysis. Although traditional extraction methods are commonly used, newer green extraction techniques offer improved extraction efficiency by reducing energy and solvent consumption leading to higher extraction yields. This study explores an application of ultrasound-assisted extraction, a green technique, in extraction of phytoconstituents from Psidium guajava leaves, optimizing key parameters such as extraction time, temperature, ultrasonic input power, and solvent ratio. Additionally, the study evaluates the antioxidant properties and significant antidiabetic activity of the extracted compounds. The extraction of Psidium guajava Linn. leaves were optimized for enhance yield, which was obtained at 40 °C at the end of 45 min of extraction time with a solvent ratio of 60:40 (methanol: water) among several batches. At this optimized condition 38.7% extraction was achieved and yielded the highest amount of flavonoids which is 229.31 mg/g with the use of ultrasound extraction and the delivered power was 173.2 W. Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly enhances the yield of phytoconstituents, especially flavonoids, and found promising for managing Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The biochemical analysis revealed that the flavonoids reduce blood glucose levels more effectively than the diabetic control. However, while these extracts are effective, these are still less potent than the standard antidiabetic drug sitagliptin, indicating that it may be more suitable as complementary therapies rather than standalone treatments.
{"title":"Intensified ultrasound assisted extraction of phytoconstituents from Psidium guajava Linn. Leaves using hydro-methanolic solvent: Parametric Investigation","authors":"Dhanashree R. Kavhale , Nishikant A. Raut , Bharat A. Bhanvase , Yogeshwary M. Bhongade","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavonoids, secondary metabolites of diverse phenolic compounds from plant sources, exhibit numerous pharmacological properties and therefore, efficient extraction methods are crucial for obtaining these bioactive compounds for qualitative analysis. Although traditional extraction methods are commonly used, newer green extraction techniques offer improved extraction efficiency by reducing energy and solvent consumption leading to higher extraction yields. This study explores an application of ultrasound-assisted extraction, a green technique, in extraction of phytoconstituents from <em>Psidium guajava</em> leaves, optimizing key parameters such as extraction time, temperature, ultrasonic input power, and solvent ratio. Additionally, the study evaluates the antioxidant properties and significant antidiabetic activity of the extracted compounds. The extraction of <em>Psidium guajava</em> Linn. leaves were optimized for enhance yield, which was obtained at 40 °C at the end of 45 min of extraction time with a solvent ratio of 60:40 (methanol: water) among several batches. At this optimized condition 38.7% extraction was achieved and yielded the highest amount of flavonoids which is 229.31 mg/g with the use of ultrasound extraction and the delivered power was 173.2 W. Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly enhances the yield of phytoconstituents, especially flavonoids, and found promising for managing Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The biochemical analysis revealed that the flavonoids reduce blood glucose levels more effectively than the diabetic control. However, while these extracts are effective, these are still less potent than the standard antidiabetic drug sitagliptin, indicating that it may be more suitable as complementary therapies rather than standalone treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109239"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents an integrated biorefinery concept using brewers’ spent grains (BSG) processed via acidic enzymatic proteolysis and dilute nitric acid treatment for the production of protein-rich hydrolysates and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). After aqueous extraction of dextrins, acidic proteolysis of the remaining BSG solids (10% w/v, pH 3, 50 °C, 10 U/g) achieved a protein extraction efficiency of 66.9 ± 0.6%. The protein-rich hydrolysate contained, per 100 g protein, mainly glutamic acid and glutamine (29.8%), aspartic acid and asparagine (9.7%), leucine (8.1%), proline (7.2%) and valine (6.7%). Central composite design was employed for the optimization of dilute HNO3 pretreatment of the remaining BSG solids to maximize the glucan and hemicellulose to sugar conversion yield, considering HNO3 concentration (0-1% w/v) and temperature (70-120 °C) as process variables. The optimal BSG treatment was achieved at 0.29% (w/v) HNO3, 120 °C and 30 min reaction duration, resulting in 58.1% overall glucan and hemicellulose to sugar conversion yield. The hydrolysate contained 75.1% glucose, 20.7% xylose, 3.7% galactose and 1.5% arabinose. Fed-batch fermentation of Paraburkholderia sacchari using the optimal BSG hydrolysate resulted in 97.7 g/L PHB, 65.5% (w/w) intracellular PHB content, 0.31 g/g PHB yield and a productivity of 2.87 g/(L∙h). This biorefinery concept resulted in the production of 155.1 g PHB and 160.2 g protein-rich extract produced as hydrolysate from 1 kg BSG.
{"title":"Optimization of dilute nitric acid pretreatment of brewers’ spent grains for sustainable biorefinery development and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production","authors":"Chrysanthi Argeiti , Evanthia Georgiadou , Chrysavgi Gardeli , Apostolis Koutinas , Katiana Filippi , Anestis Vlysidis","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated biorefinery concept using brewers’ spent grains (BSG) processed via acidic enzymatic proteolysis and dilute nitric acid treatment for the production of protein-rich hydrolysates and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). After aqueous extraction of dextrins, acidic proteolysis of the remaining BSG solids (10% w/v, pH 3, 50 °C, 10 U/g) achieved a protein extraction efficiency of 66.9 ± 0.6%. The protein-rich hydrolysate contained, per 100 g protein, mainly glutamic acid and glutamine (29.8%), aspartic acid and asparagine (9.7%), leucine (8.1%), proline (7.2%) and valine (6.7%). Central composite design was employed for the optimization of dilute HNO<sub>3</sub> pretreatment of the remaining BSG solids to maximize the glucan and hemicellulose to sugar conversion yield, considering HNO<sub>3</sub> concentration (0-1% w/v) and temperature (70-120 °C) as process variables. The optimal BSG treatment was achieved at 0.29% (w/v) HNO<sub>3</sub>, 120 °C and 30 min reaction duration, resulting in 58.1% overall glucan and hemicellulose to sugar conversion yield. The hydrolysate contained 75.1% glucose, 20.7% xylose, 3.7% galactose and 1.5% arabinose. Fed-batch fermentation of <em>Paraburkholderia sacchari</em> using the optimal BSG hydrolysate resulted in 97.7 g/L PHB, 65.5% (w/w) intracellular PHB content, 0.31 g/g PHB yield and a productivity of 2.87 g/(L∙h). This biorefinery concept resulted in the production of 155.1 g PHB and 160.2 g protein-rich extract produced as hydrolysate from 1 kg BSG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146777819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109115
Kaiwen Yun , Xixi Lian , Rui Shan , Guoqiang Wei , Shuxiao Wang , Haoran Yuan , Yong Chen
Pyrolytic carbon-based catalysts are widely used due to their characteristics such as low cost and high efficiency. However, conventional pyrolytic carbon catalysts have problems such as aggregation of active particles and low utilization rate of active sites. In this paper, a novel method is adopted to add α-D-glucose and melamine during the preparation of pyrolytic carbon catalysts, achieving atomic-level dispersion of calcium atoms, the active substances in the catalyst. It is confirmed by various characterization methods that the calcium-nitrogen-carbon (Ca-N-C) coordination structure constructed in this paper for the first time can anchor metallic calcium on the surface of the catalyst, effectively inhibiting the agglomeration tendency of calcium atoms, and thus achieving the ideal state of "low loading and high distribution" of calcium metal. Compared with conventional pyrolytic carbon catalysts, the modified catalyst has significant advantages in improving liquid yield and olefin selectivity. The effects of catalytic temperature and feedstock-to-catalyst ratio to catalyst on olefin yield were further explored. The results show that under the optimal conditions, the liquid yield can reach 94.69%, among which the olefin content is 72.66%, and the olefin yield can reach 0.69 g/g. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the preparation and application of pyrolytic carbon catalysts with atomic-level dispersion of active metals.
热解碳基催化剂具有成本低、效率高等特点，得到了广泛的应用。然而，传统的热解碳催化剂存在活性颗粒聚集、活性位点利用率低等问题。本文采用一种新颖的方法，在制备热解碳催化剂的过程中加入α- d -葡萄糖和三聚氰胺，实现了催化剂中活性物质钙原子的原子级分散。通过各种表征方法证实，本文首次构建的钙-氮-碳（Ca-N-C）配位结构可以将金属钙锚定在催化剂表面，有效抑制钙原子的团聚倾向，从而达到金属钙“低负荷、高分布”的理想状态。与传统的热解碳催化剂相比，改性后的催化剂在提高产液率和烯烃选择性方面具有显著的优势。进一步探讨了催化温度和进料催化剂比对烯烃收率的影响。结果表明，在最优条件下，液相得率可达94.69%，其中烯烃含量为72.66%，烯烃得率可达0.69 g/g。本研究为活性金属原子级分散的热解碳催化剂的制备和应用提供了理论和实验依据。
{"title":"The Ca-N-C ligand in the pyrolysis carbon-based single-atom catalyst enhance the olefin selectivity in the pyrolysis process of regenerated PP","authors":"Kaiwen Yun , Xixi Lian , Rui Shan , Guoqiang Wei , Shuxiao Wang , Haoran Yuan , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolytic carbon-based catalysts are widely used due to their characteristics such as low cost and high efficiency. However, conventional pyrolytic carbon catalysts have problems such as aggregation of active particles and low utilization rate of active sites. In this paper, a novel method is adopted to add α-D-glucose and melamine during the preparation of pyrolytic carbon catalysts, achieving atomic-level dispersion of calcium atoms, the active substances in the catalyst. It is confirmed by various characterization methods that the calcium-nitrogen-carbon (Ca-N-C) coordination structure constructed in this paper for the first time can anchor metallic calcium on the surface of the catalyst, effectively inhibiting the agglomeration tendency of calcium atoms, and thus achieving the ideal state of \"low loading and high distribution\" of calcium metal. Compared with conventional pyrolytic carbon catalysts, the modified catalyst has significant advantages in improving liquid yield and olefin selectivity. The effects of catalytic temperature and feedstock-to-catalyst ratio to catalyst on olefin yield were further explored. The results show that under the optimal conditions, the liquid yield can reach 94.69%, among which the olefin content is 72.66%, and the olefin yield can reach 0.69 g/g. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the preparation and application of pyrolytic carbon catalysts with atomic-level dispersion of active metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147279137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transition toward low-carbon aviation fuels necessitates sustainable catalytic routes capable of converting renewable lipids into hydrocarbons without reliance on external hydrogen. This study explores an external H2-free hydrothermolysis pathway for palm oil conversion into bio-jet fuel-range hydrocarbons using a series of Ni catalysts supported on dealuminated HUSY zeolites in alcohol–water co-solvent systems. Effects of HUSY dealumination via nitric acid treatment (0.05–0.15M) on catalyst properties and hydrocarbon selectivity were evaluated. Comprehensive characterization using various techniques revealed that dealumination at 0.10M HNO3 generated an optimal balance of acidity, porosity, and Ni dispersion, while milder and harsher treatments led to side reactions and partial framework collapse. Methanol addition enhanced in situ hydrogen generation and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), whereas excess methanol promoted esterification and accumulation of corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. Under optimized conditions (oil:water:methanol = 2:1:1 and feedstock:solvent = 1:1) at 400 °C, the system achieved a 69.4% alkane selectivity at 59.4% liquid yield, with ∼30% lower aromatic content than the water-only benchmark. The process selectively produced C9–C18 alkanes, dominated by C15 and C17 species via concurrent decarbonylation/decarboxylation and HDO pathways. These results highlight that controlled dealumination, coupled with alcohol-assisted hydrothermal media, provides a hydrogen-self-sufficient and energy-efficient strategy for upgrading renewable oils into drop-in sustainable aviation fuels.
向低碳航空燃料的过渡需要可持续的催化路线，能够将可再生脂类转化为碳氢化合物，而不依赖外部氢。本研究探索了在醇-水共溶剂体系中，利用脱铝HUSY沸石负载的一系列Ni催化剂，将棕榈油转化为生物喷气燃料型碳氢化合物的外部无h2水热裂解途径。考察了0.05 ~ 0.15 m硝酸处理对HUSY脱铝催化剂性能和烃类选择性的影响。综合各种技术表征表明，在0.1 m HNO3条件下脱铝可以达到酸度、孔隙度和Ni分散的最佳平衡，而较温和和较苛刻的处理会导致副反应和部分骨架崩溃。甲醇的加入促进了原位氢生成和氢脱氧（HDO），而过量的甲醇促进了相应脂肪酸甲酯的酯化和积累。在400°C的优化条件下（油：水：甲醇= 2:1:1，原料：溶剂= 1:1），该体系的烷烃选择性为69.4%，产率为59.4%，芳香含量比纯水基准低约30%。该工艺选择性地产生C9-C18烷烃，C15和C17主要通过脱羰/脱羧和HDO途径。这些结果表明，控制脱铝，加上醇辅助热液介质，为将可再生油升级为可降解的可持续航空燃料提供了一种氢自给自足和节能的策略。
{"title":"Structure–acidity interplay in Ni/HUSY catalysts for external H2-free hydrothermal conversion of palm oil in alcohol–water media","authors":"Suparkorn Sedtabute , Tharapong Vitidsant , Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition toward low-carbon aviation fuels necessitates sustainable catalytic routes capable of converting renewable lipids into hydrocarbons without reliance on external hydrogen. This study explores an external H<sub>2</sub>-free hydrothermolysis pathway for palm oil conversion into bio-jet fuel-range hydrocarbons using a series of Ni catalysts supported on dealuminated HUSY zeolites in alcohol–water co-solvent systems. Effects of HUSY dealumination via nitric acid treatment (0.05–0.15M) on catalyst properties and hydrocarbon selectivity were evaluated. Comprehensive characterization using various techniques revealed that dealumination at 0.10M HNO<sub>3</sub> generated an optimal balance of acidity, porosity, and Ni dispersion, while milder and harsher treatments led to side reactions and partial framework collapse. Methanol addition enhanced <em>in situ</em> hydrogen generation and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), whereas excess methanol promoted esterification and accumulation of corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. Under optimized conditions (oil:water:methanol = 2:1:1 and feedstock:solvent = 1:1) at 400 °C, the system achieved a 69.4% alkane selectivity at 59.4% liquid yield, with ∼30% lower aromatic content than the water-only benchmark. The process selectively produced C9–C18 alkanes, dominated by C15 and C17 species via concurrent decarbonylation/decarboxylation and HDO pathways. These results highlight that controlled dealumination, coupled with alcohol-assisted hydrothermal media, provides a hydrogen-self-sufficient and energy-efficient strategy for upgrading renewable oils into drop-in sustainable aviation fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109152"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147279138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mesoporous aluminosilicate decorated with nickel nanoparticles confined in the mesoporous channels enhanced the stability of catalysts for hydrocarbon production from non-edible oils. Mesoporous aluminosilicate (AlMs) synthesized via a mixture of Pluronic and Nanocellulose (NCC) as template (PN) was compared with Pluronic P123 (P) only. The role of NCC in increasing stability of Al-MS was observed on the preservation of high surface area (315 m2 g−1), mesoporosity (7.05 nm) and the absence of amorphous aluminosilicate cluster, allowing NiO deposition within the confined mesopores. A stronger Lewis acidity and open mesopores channel of Ni/AlMs(PN) promotes stability of the catalysts for four deoxygenation cycles of Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO) to green hydrocarbon diesel. Ni/AlMs (PN) achieved 99.11% conversion, 66.37% liquid yield, and 84.48% hydrocarbon selectivity with C15–C17 fractions (73.05%). This work demonstrates that NCC as a green co-template effectively produced high-performance catalyst with enhanced distribution of acid site for sustainable green diesel production.
{"title":"Mesopore-confined Ni nanoparticles on stable aluminosilicate synthesized using natural cellulose template for green diesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum Oil","authors":"Stella Jovita , Ingelia Yuan Fernanda , Didik Prasetyoko , Riki Subagyo , Khawiyatur Riv'ah Agustina , Nurul Asikin-Mijan , Rustam Tamim , Eko Santoso , Suprapto Suprapto , Holilah Holilah , Hasliza Bahruji , Maria Ulfa , Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesoporous aluminosilicate decorated with nickel nanoparticles confined in the mesoporous channels enhanced the stability of catalysts for hydrocarbon production from non-edible oils. Mesoporous aluminosilicate (AlMs) synthesized via a mixture of Pluronic and Nanocellulose (NCC) as template (PN) was compared with Pluronic P123 (P) only. The role of NCC in increasing stability of Al-MS was observed on the preservation of high surface area (315 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), mesoporosity (7.05 nm) and the absence of amorphous aluminosilicate cluster, allowing NiO deposition within the confined mesopores. A stronger Lewis acidity and open mesopores channel of Ni/AlMs(PN) promotes stability of the catalysts for four deoxygenation cycles of <em>Calophyllum inophyllum</em> oil (CIO) to green hydrocarbon diesel. Ni/AlMs (PN) achieved 99.11% conversion, 66.37% liquid yield, and 84.48% hydrocarbon selectivity with C<sub>15</sub>–C<sub>17</sub> fractions (73.05%). This work demonstrates that NCC as a green co-template effectively produced high-performance catalyst with enhanced distribution of acid site for sustainable green diesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147279139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109208
Derya Murat , İbrahim Teği̇n , Cafer Saka
In this study, microwave-assisted heteroatom doping was employed to synthesize oxygen-functionalized (MW@O) and nitrogen–oxygen dual-functionalized (MW@N, O) biochars, which were evaluated for Cu2+ removal from aqueous solutions. Comprehensive adsorption analyses, including isotherm modeling, kinetic evaluation, thermodynamic assessment, and point of zero charge (pHpzc) determination, were performed to clarify the adsorption behavior. The pHpzc values of MW@O and MW@N, O doped biochars were 6.15 and 4.27, respectively, indicating enhanced Cu2+ uptake at pH values above these thresholds due to favorable electrostatic interactions. At 303 K, Langmuir monolayer capacities (Qm) were 109.89 mg/g for MW@O doped biochar and 140.84 mg/g for MW@N, O doped biochar. Although surface area decreased after modification, adsorption capacity increased, suggesting that Cu2+ uptake was primarily governed by the enrichment of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups (e.g., –OH, –COOH, –NH2) rather than porosity. Adsorption followed the Langmuir model and proceeded through combined electrostatic attraction and surface complexation mechanisms. These results demonstrate that microwave-assisted heteroatom modification effectively tailors’ biochar surface chemistry and enhances Cu2+ adsorption performance under controlled experimental conditions, providing mechanistic insight into the role of surface functionalization in heavy metal removal.
{"title":"Surface modification of biochars for efficient Cu2+ adsorption: Effects of microwave-assisted oxygen and nitrogen doping via hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid","authors":"Derya Murat , İbrahim Teği̇n , Cafer Saka","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, microwave-assisted heteroatom doping was employed to synthesize oxygen-functionalized (MW@O) and nitrogen–oxygen dual-functionalized (MW@N, O) biochars, which were evaluated for Cu<sup>2+</sup> removal from aqueous solutions. Comprehensive adsorption analyses, including isotherm modeling, kinetic evaluation, thermodynamic assessment, and point of zero charge (pH<sub>p</sub>zc) determination, were performed to clarify the adsorption behavior. The pH<sub>p</sub>zc values of MW@O and MW@N, O doped biochars were 6.15 and 4.27, respectively, indicating enhanced Cu<sup>2+</sup> uptake at pH values above these thresholds due to favorable electrostatic interactions. At 303 K, Langmuir monolayer capacities (Q<sub>m</sub>) were 109.89 mg/g for MW@O doped biochar and 140.84 mg/g for MW@N, O doped biochar. Although surface area decreased after modification, adsorption capacity increased, suggesting that Cu<sup>2+</sup> uptake was primarily governed by the enrichment of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups (e.g., –OH, –COOH, –NH<sub>2</sub>) rather than porosity. Adsorption followed the Langmuir model and proceeded through combined electrostatic attraction and surface complexation mechanisms. These results demonstrate that microwave-assisted heteroatom modification effectively tailors’ biochar surface chemistry and enhances Cu<sup>2+</sup> adsorption performance under controlled experimental conditions, providing mechanistic insight into the role of surface functionalization in heavy metal removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147360734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109212
Thuan Van Tran
Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) waste types, including peels, seeds, seed shells, fibrous strands, oilseed cake, leaves, stems, and pulp represent a substantial and underutilized resource. This review comprehensively examines the chemical composition and potential use of pumpkin waste. Pumpkin waste is rich in bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and proteins for enhancing the nutritional quality of food products. Notably, the seeds yield cold-pressed oil abundant in bioactive compounds, suitable for food fortification and cosmetics. Furthermore, biochars derived from pumpkin waste showed remarkable efficiencies for removal of Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions. The conversion of pumpkin waste into biofuels presented a promising valorization route; and enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin peel promoted bioethanol production with high yields. Anaerobic digestion of pumpkin pulp and peel also yielded the effective production of biogases. Thus, the sustainable transformation of pumpkin waste can contribute to a circular economy, addressing global issues related to food waste, nutritional deficiencies, and environmental pollution.
{"title":"Sustainable transformation of pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) waste into food products, biofuels, environmental applications","authors":"Thuan Van Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pumpkin (<em>Cucurbita</em> sp.) waste types, including peels, seeds, seed shells, fibrous strands, oilseed cake, leaves, stems, and pulp represent a substantial and underutilized resource. This review comprehensively examines the chemical composition and potential use of pumpkin waste. Pumpkin waste is rich in bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and proteins for enhancing the nutritional quality of food products. Notably, the seeds yield cold-pressed oil abundant in bioactive compounds, suitable for food fortification and cosmetics. Furthermore, biochars derived from pumpkin waste showed remarkable efficiencies for removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions. The conversion of pumpkin waste into biofuels presented a promising valorization route; and enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin peel promoted bioethanol production with high yields. Anaerobic digestion of pumpkin pulp and peel also yielded the effective production of biogases. Thus, the sustainable transformation of pumpkin waste can contribute to a circular economy, addressing global issues related to food waste, nutritional deficiencies, and environmental pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147360741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109230
Amisha Rani , Lavish Chalana , Sumandeep Kaur , Kritika Kuksal , Abhilasha Sharma , Aman Sharma , Arti Nile , Shivraj Hariram Nile
The valorization of agro-industrial residues into functional biopolymers aligns with circular economy principles and offers sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials in food and fermentation applications. This study investigated the potential application of tamarind kernel powder (TKP), an underutilized agri-waste, as a source of tamarind kernel mucilage (TKM) and tamarind kernel starch (TKS) for yeast immobilization for bioethanol production. Mucilage and starch were extracted via green aqueous media, yielding percentages of 28.6 ± 1.1% and 38.4 ± 1.6% respectively. The biopolymers were characterized for their solubility, swelling, and water-holding capacity via thermal (TGA), morphological (SEM), structural (FTIR, XRD), and surface charge analyses. The TKM exhibited an amorphous structure, high hydrophilicity, and an anionic surface (−31.6 mV), whereas the TKS displayed A-type crystallinity and a positive charge (+12.4 mV), indicating gelling property with divalent cations and copolymers. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was successfully immobilized in TKM-based hydrogel beads (1 g/10 mL), with sodium alginate as a control, to form porous, mechanically stable beads. Fermentation trials in 10% glucose medium revealed that immobilized yeast produced significantly more ethanol (7.94 ± 0.24% v/v) than free yeast (3.60 ± 0.08% v/v). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of tamarind-derived hydrocolloids as sustainable immobilization agents and support their broader application in fermentation and bioprocessing.
{"title":"Valorization of tamarind kernel biomass into functional biopolymers for yeast immobilization and enhanced ethanol production","authors":"Amisha Rani , Lavish Chalana , Sumandeep Kaur , Kritika Kuksal , Abhilasha Sharma , Aman Sharma , Arti Nile , Shivraj Hariram Nile","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of agro-industrial residues into functional biopolymers aligns with circular economy principles and offers sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials in food and fermentation applications. This study investigated the potential application of tamarind kernel powder (TKP), an underutilized agri-waste, as a source of tamarind kernel mucilage (TKM) and tamarind kernel starch (TKS) for yeast immobilization for bioethanol production. Mucilage and starch were extracted via green aqueous media, yielding percentages of 28.6 ± 1.1% and 38.4 ± 1.6% respectively. The biopolymers were characterized for their solubility, swelling, and water-holding capacity via thermal (TGA), morphological (SEM), structural (FTIR, XRD), and surface charge analyses. The TKM exhibited an amorphous structure, high hydrophilicity, and an anionic surface (−31.6 mV), whereas the TKS displayed A-type crystallinity and a positive charge (+12.4 mV), indicating gelling property with divalent cations and copolymers. <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> was successfully immobilized in TKM-based hydrogel beads (1 g/10 mL), with sodium alginate as a control, to form porous, mechanically stable beads. Fermentation trials in 10% glucose medium revealed that immobilized yeast produced significantly more ethanol (7.94 ± 0.24% v/v) than free yeast (3.60 ± 0.08% v/v). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of tamarind-derived hydrocolloids as sustainable immobilization agents and support their broader application in fermentation and bioprocessing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109230"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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