Expression of claudin-18.2 in cholangiocarcinoma: a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis from a German tertiary centre.

Abstract

Aims: Anti-claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) therapy was recently approved for the treatment of gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of CLDN18.2 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) to determine whether there is a subgroup of patients who might also benefit from anti-CLDN18.2 therapy.

Methods and results: A tissue microarray (TMA) cohort of all CCA patients who underwent surgical resection with curative intent between August 2005 and December 2021 at University Hospital Frankfurt were immunohistochemically evaluated using the VENTANA^® CLDN18 (43-14A) antibody. Tumour positivity for CLDN18.2 was determined as follows: ≥ 75% of tumour cells with moderate-to-strong CLDN18 membranous staining. In total, 160 patients with surgically resected CCA were suitable for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Of the patients, 13.1% (n = 21) showed moderate to strong membranous staining of VENTANA^® CLDN18 antibody, while 86.9% (n = 139) were negative. Subtype analysis revealed strong differences in CLDN18 expression. Positive staining of CLDN18 could be observed in 26.5% (n = nine of 34) and 7.4% (n = seven of 95) of the perihilar (pCCA) and intrahepatic (iCCA) subgroup, respectively. CCA patients with CLDN18 expression had a more frequently intraoperative finding of distant metastasis (P = 0.002), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008) and positive perineural invasion (Pn1) status (P = 0.022).

Conclusions: The present study suggests that a subset of patients with CCA exhibited a marked expression of CLDN18.2. These findings underline the need to perform a clinical study evaluating the efficacy of anti-CLDN18.2 therapy in patients suffering from CCA.