Wearable, Recoverable, and Implantable Energy Storage Devices With Heterostructure Porous COF-5/Ti3C2Tx Cathode for High-performance Aqueous Zn-ion Hybrid Capacitor

Abstract

With the continuous advancement of the internet of things and information technology, implantable bioelectronics have attracted considerable attention for effective health monitoring and improvement of vital signs. Nevertheless, conventional power sources are typically plagued by short lifetimes, inflexible packaging modalities, and toxic corrosion risks that damage soft tissues. In this study, a biocompatible quasi-solid-state aqueous Zn-ion hybrid capacitor (AZIHCs) is developed with high energy density and durability. The heterostructured porous COF-5/Ti₃C₂T_x cathode exhibited enhanced interface charge transfer and accelerated Zn²⁺ migration kinetics, delivering an outstanding areal capacitance of 952 mF cm⁻² and a high areal energy density of 160 mWh cm⁻². Furthermore, the AZIHCs demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 524 mF cm⁻², and the completely damaged device can still power the electronics after being reconnected using the superior silk nanofiber-containing zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte. These implanted AZIHCs, with good biocompatibility, showed substantial deformation stability of 80.2% after 2000 cycles when firmly adhered to the tissues, illustrating an impressively stable performance in the tissue fluid or wetted tissue surface and an efficient power supply. This study provides a novel approach to high-performance energy storage devices for multifunctional wearable applications and organism patches for in vivo detection.