To satisfy the demand for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), silicon (Si) based anodes have attracted attention due to their high theoretical capacity, and there is increasing interest in anode architectures employing conventional micro‐sized Si without sacrificing the electrochemical performance. Herein, a highly conductive 3D nanocomposite scaffold containing entangled networks of cellulose and SWCNTs (C‐CNT) is fabricated via an eco‐friendly method for use as an Si anode. Additionally, localized rapid heating of the Si/C‐CNT film on a Cu current‐collector is newly demonstrated by IR laser‐irradiation in ambient air. This treatment leads to both nanowelding of the SWCNTs onto the Si anode and pyrolysis of the cellulose, thereby increasing the Si loading from 50 to 89.5 wt.%, decreasing the sheet resistance from 9.6 to 7.2 Ω sq −1 , and increasing the specific surface area from 16.9 to 77.1 m 2 g −1 . Structural analysis confirms the generation of covalent Si─C and Si─O─C bonds on the Si surface via photothermal conversion. In the LIB application, the laser‐treated Si/C‐CNT exhibits an enhanced electrochemical performance relative to the untreated anode, with a 37% increase in capacity retention at 3.0C and a more than two‐fold increase in capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1.5 A g −1 .
为了满足对高性能锂离子电池（lib）的需求，硅（Si）基阳极由于其高理论容量而引起了人们的关注，并且在不牺牲电化学性能的情况下，采用传统微尺寸硅的阳极结构越来越受到关注。本文通过一种生态友好的方法制备了一种含有纤维素和SWCNTs （C - CNT）纠缠网络的高导电性3D纳米复合材料支架，用于硅阳极。此外，通过红外激光在环境空气中照射，发现了Cu集热器上的Si/C - CNT薄膜的局部快速加热。该处理导致SWCNTs在Si阳极上的纳米焊接和纤维素的热解，从而将Si负载从50%增加到89.5 wt.%，将薄片电阻从9.6降低到7.2 Ω sq - 1，并将比表面积从16.9增加到77.1 m 2 g - 1。结构分析证实了在硅表面通过光热转换生成共价Si─C键和Si─O─C键。在LIB应用中，激光处理的Si/C - CNT相对于未处理的阳极表现出增强的电化学性能，在3.0C时容量保持率增加37%，在1.5 a g−1下循环100次后容量保持率增加两倍以上。
{"title":"Laser‐Welded Cellulose‐Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites as a 3D Scaffold of Si Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries","authors":"Boeun Ryu, Younghoon Jung, Hojin Son, Min‐Young Kim, Jinsub Lim, Changhun Yun","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202525595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202525595","url":null,"abstract":"To satisfy the demand for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), silicon (Si) based anodes have attracted attention due to their high theoretical capacity, and there is increasing interest in anode architectures employing conventional micro‐sized Si without sacrificing the electrochemical performance. Herein, a highly conductive 3D nanocomposite scaffold containing entangled networks of cellulose and SWCNTs (C‐CNT) is fabricated via an eco‐friendly method for use as an Si anode. Additionally, localized rapid heating of the Si/C‐CNT film on a Cu current‐collector is newly demonstrated by IR laser‐irradiation in ambient air. This treatment leads to both nanowelding of the SWCNTs onto the Si anode and pyrolysis of the cellulose, thereby increasing the Si loading from 50 to 89.5 wt.%, decreasing the sheet resistance from 9.6 to 7.2 Ω sq <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , and increasing the specific surface area from 16.9 to 77.1 m <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> . Structural analysis confirms the generation of covalent Si─C and Si─O─C bonds on the Si surface via photothermal conversion. In the LIB application, the laser‐treated Si/C‐CNT exhibits an enhanced electrochemical performance relative to the untreated anode, with a 37% increase in capacity retention at 3.0C and a more than two‐fold increase in capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1.5 A g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> .","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
β‐Ga 2 O 3 is a promising candidate for next‐generation semiconductors, but is limited by its intrinsic brittleness, which hinders its application in flexible electronics and high‐precision devices. This study explores a new approach to improving the damage tolerance of (001)‐oriented β‐Ga 2 O 3 by introducing mechanically seeded dislocations via surface scratching. By applying a Brinell indenter to scratch the surface along the [100] direction, Edge‐type dislocations belonging to the (011)[01‐1] and/or (0‐11)[011] slip systems are effectively generated within a mesoscale wear track. Through a combination of nanoindentation tests, surface morphology analysis, and microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is revealed that the introduction of dislocations significantly mitigates the formation of cleavage cracks during indentation, in contrast to that observed in as‐received β‐Ga 2 O 3 . The mechanically seeded dislocations in the subsurface layers play an important role in preventing brittle fracture by facilitating stable plastic deformation.
β - ga2o3是下一代半导体的一个有前途的候选材料，但其固有的脆性限制了其在柔性电子和高精度器件中的应用。本研究探索了一种通过表面刮擦引入机械种子位错来提高（001）取向β - ga2o3损伤容限的新方法。通过应用布氏压头沿[100]方向刮擦表面，可以在中尺度磨损轨迹内有效地产生属于（011）[01‐1]和/或（0‐11）[011]滑移系统的边缘型位错。通过纳米压痕测试、表面形貌分析以及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）的微观结构表征，揭示了位错的引入显著减轻了压痕过程中解理裂纹的形成，这与在as - received β - ga2o3中观察到的结果相反。亚表层的机械种子位错通过促进稳定的塑性变形，在防止脆性断裂方面起着重要作用。
{"title":"Toughening β‐Ga 2 O 3 via Mechanically Seeded Dislocations","authors":"Zanlin Cheng, Jiawen Zhang, Peng Gao, Guosong Zeng, Xufei Fang, Wenjun Lu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202522091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522091","url":null,"abstract":"β‐Ga <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is a promising candidate for next‐generation semiconductors, but is limited by its intrinsic brittleness, which hinders its application in flexible electronics and high‐precision devices. This study explores a new approach to improving the damage tolerance of (001)‐oriented β‐Ga <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> by introducing mechanically seeded dislocations via surface scratching. By applying a Brinell indenter to scratch the surface along the [100] direction, Edge‐type dislocations belonging to the (011)[01‐1] and/or (0‐11)[011] slip systems are effectively generated within a mesoscale wear track. Through a combination of nanoindentation tests, surface morphology analysis, and microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is revealed that the introduction of dislocations significantly mitigates the formation of cleavage cracks during indentation, in contrast to that observed in as‐received β‐Ga <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> . The mechanically seeded dislocations in the subsurface layers play an important role in preventing brittle fracture by facilitating stable plastic deformation.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongquan Liu, Sanwei Hao, Jun Yang, Jifei Zhang, Jialong Wen, Wenfeng Ren, Bing Wang, Ling‐Ping Xiao, Changyou Shao, Runcang Sun
Bio‐based alternatives to conventional photothermal hydrophobic materials are urgently required for sustainable ice mitigation. However, integrating robustness, efficient photothermal conversion, and environmental sustainability in one material remains challenging. Here, a bio‐based photothermal hydrophobic elastomer (LPAT) is synthesized via solvent‐free ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of α‐lipoic acid (LA), with lignin (AL) incorporated as a renewable photothermal filler. Synergistic disulfide and hydrogen bonding endowed LPAT with high toughness (2.79 MJ·m −3 ) and fracture stress (4.45 MPa). Under simulated solar irradiation, LPAT exhibited rapid photothermal conversion, reaching 135 °C with a temperature rise of 112 °C. Hydrophobicity is retained after thermal and stretching cycles, with water contact angles above 116°. LPAT further demonstrated autonomous self‐healing with 80% efficiency and strong underwater adhesion. In deicing tests, it removed 3‐mm ice within 400 s and suppressed accretion under continuous freezing rain. Swelling resistance, reprocessability, and self‐cleaning enhanced its durability across repeated cycles. This work establishes a universal and sustainable platform for integrating high‐performance photothermal and hydrophobic properties, where efficient solar thermal management offers a fossil‐free alternative and facilitates the upcycling of solid waste into advanced energy materials.
{"title":"Dynamic Bio‐Elastomer with Synergistic Photothermal‐Hydrophobic Properties for Sustainable Anti‐/De‐Icing","authors":"Yongquan Liu, Sanwei Hao, Jun Yang, Jifei Zhang, Jialong Wen, Wenfeng Ren, Bing Wang, Ling‐Ping Xiao, Changyou Shao, Runcang Sun","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202525840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202525840","url":null,"abstract":"Bio‐based alternatives to conventional photothermal hydrophobic materials are urgently required for sustainable ice mitigation. However, integrating robustness, efficient photothermal conversion, and environmental sustainability in one material remains challenging. Here, a bio‐based photothermal hydrophobic elastomer (LPAT) is synthesized via solvent‐free ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of α‐lipoic acid (LA), with lignin (AL) incorporated as a renewable photothermal filler. Synergistic disulfide and hydrogen bonding endowed LPAT with high toughness (2.79 MJ·m <jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> ) and fracture stress (4.45 MPa). Under simulated solar irradiation, LPAT exhibited rapid photothermal conversion, reaching 135 °C with a temperature rise of 112 °C. Hydrophobicity is retained after thermal and stretching cycles, with water contact angles above 116°. LPAT further demonstrated autonomous self‐healing with 80% efficiency and strong underwater adhesion. In deicing tests, it removed 3‐mm ice within 400 s and suppressed accretion under continuous freezing rain. Swelling resistance, reprocessability, and self‐cleaning enhanced its durability across repeated cycles. This work establishes a universal and sustainable platform for integrating high‐performance photothermal and hydrophobic properties, where efficient solar thermal management offers a fossil‐free alternative and facilitates the upcycling of solid waste into advanced energy materials.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weitao Liu, Kunying Liu, Feng Feng, Ruoping Li, Wenpei Zhang, Xi Wang, Junhui Liu, Ke Chen
2D transition metal tellurides (TMTs) exhibit great potential as saturable absorbers (SAs) for mid‐infrared (MIR) pulsed lasers. However, constructing highly stable TMT‐based saturable absorbers (TMT‐SAs) with excellent Q‐switching performance in the MIR region remains challenging. Here, a material design strategy based on oxygen plasma treatment is reported to improve both the stability and MIR Q‐switching performance of 2D TMT‐SAs. This approach involves the direct in situ growth of large‐area, high‐quality 2D ZrTe 3 and TaTe 2 films on CaF 2 substrates as SA mirrors, followed by oxygen plasma passivation. This method circumvents wet‐coating procedures in various previously reported SAs, thereby mitigating the impurity‐induced performance degradation. After oxygen plasma passivation, the ultrathin ZrTe 3 ‐SA (≈30 nm) achieves a peak power of 9.92 W, while the pulse width is reduced to 313 ns. Furthermore, the fabricated 2D TMT‐SAs demonstrate long‐term stability (at least 90 days) under high output power conditions at the ≈3 µm waveband. These findings open possibilities for exploring highly stable MIR‐transparent oxide protective layers for 2D material‐based SAs toward achieving high‐power pulsed lasers.
{"title":"Atomic Oxygen‐Passivated 2D Zr/Ta Telluride Crystals as Saturable Absorbers for High Power Mid‐Infrared Pulse Generation","authors":"Weitao Liu, Kunying Liu, Feng Feng, Ruoping Li, Wenpei Zhang, Xi Wang, Junhui Liu, Ke Chen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530237","url":null,"abstract":"2D transition metal tellurides (TMTs) exhibit great potential as saturable absorbers (SAs) for mid‐infrared (MIR) pulsed lasers. However, constructing highly stable TMT‐based saturable absorbers (TMT‐SAs) with excellent Q‐switching performance in the MIR region remains challenging. Here, a material design strategy based on oxygen plasma treatment is reported to improve both the stability and MIR Q‐switching performance of 2D TMT‐SAs. This approach involves the direct in situ growth of large‐area, high‐quality 2D ZrTe <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and TaTe <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> films on CaF <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> substrates as SA mirrors, followed by oxygen plasma passivation. This method circumvents wet‐coating procedures in various previously reported SAs, thereby mitigating the impurity‐induced performance degradation. After oxygen plasma passivation, the ultrathin ZrTe <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> ‐SA (≈30 nm) achieves a peak power of 9.92 W, while the pulse width is reduced to 313 ns. Furthermore, the fabricated 2D TMT‐SAs demonstrate long‐term stability (at least 90 days) under high output power conditions at the ≈3 µm waveband. These findings open possibilities for exploring highly stable MIR‐transparent oxide protective layers for 2D material‐based SAs toward achieving high‐power pulsed lasers.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since its invention, the laser has profoundly revolutionized science and technology. Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a promising class of semiconductors to advance laser technology further due to their high gain coefficient, tunable optical bandgap, long carrier diffusion length, and easy solution processing. This review comprehensively summarizes the developments in metal halide perovskite lasers based on surface and interface engineering. To begin with, the effects of surface and interface engineering on the optoelectronic properties and stability of the perovskite gain medium are discussed from the perspective of materials chemistry and physics. Then, the influence of surface and interface engineering on the electron–phonon interaction and charge carrier dynamics in different types of perovskite lasers is analyzed at the device level. Finally, the challenges and perspectives on the continuous‐wave perovskite lasers and electrically pumped perovskite lasers are discussed. This review is hoped to promote the realization of continuous‐wave perovskite electrically pumped lasers and expand their practical technology applications.
{"title":"Surface and Interface Engineering in Perovskite Micro–Nano Lasers","authors":"Chunru Fan, Siyu Zhang, Hengjia Liu, Haoyan Wang, Weinan Dong, Yining Chen, Feng Jiang, Fujun Zhang, Zhennan Wu, Yu Zhang, Min Lu, Xue Bai","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202526134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202526134","url":null,"abstract":"Since its invention, the laser has profoundly revolutionized science and technology. Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a promising class of semiconductors to advance laser technology further due to their high gain coefficient, tunable optical bandgap, long carrier diffusion length, and easy solution processing. This review comprehensively summarizes the developments in metal halide perovskite lasers based on surface and interface engineering. To begin with, the effects of surface and interface engineering on the optoelectronic properties and stability of the perovskite gain medium are discussed from the perspective of materials chemistry and physics. Then, the influence of surface and interface engineering on the electron–phonon interaction and charge carrier dynamics in different types of perovskite lasers is analyzed at the device level. Finally, the challenges and perspectives on the continuous‐wave perovskite lasers and electrically pumped perovskite lasers are discussed. This review is hoped to promote the realization of continuous‐wave perovskite electrically pumped lasers and expand their practical technology applications.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haohui Dong, Jiahui Ye, Xuesong Liu, He Zhang, Li Yuan, Wen Tian, Junyi Ji
Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) offers a promising approach for sustainable ammonia synthesis and environmental remediation, yet simultaneously achieving high activity and selectivity remains challenging due to complex multi‐electron transfer processes and competing reaction pathways. Herein, a rationally designed tandem electrocatalyst comprising Ag nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen vacancies‐rich Cu 3 N nanowires (Ag@Cu 3 N/CF) for highly efficient NO 3 RR is presented. By the synergetic effect between heterostructures, Ag@Cu 3 N/CF demonstrates an exceptional ammonia yield of 1.91 mmol h −1 cm −2 and remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 95.9% at −0.3 V versus RHE, significantly outperforming individual components and recently reported high‐end electrocatalysts. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations reveal a spatially separated tandem catalytic pathway, where Ag sites facilitate the initial deoxygenation process (NO 3− →NO 2− ) while vacancies‐rich Cu 3 N sites promote subsequent hydrogenation reaction (NO 2− →NH 3 ). This hierarchical and closely integrated dual‐functional electrocatalyst design effectively decouples the conflicting requirements of multi‐step nitrate reduction to ammonia, thus enabling efficient interfacial intermediate adsorption/transfer and minimizing side reactions. Furthermore, an aqueous Zn‐nitrate battery constructed with this catalyst achieves an open circuit voltage of 1.081 V, maximum power density of 12.08 mW cm −2 , and exceptional cycling stability over 30 h. This work provides fundamental insights into tandem electrocatalyst design and establishes new strategies for sustainable ammonia production and environmental applications.
电化学硝酸还原反应（NO 3 RR）为可持续氨合成和环境修复提供了一种有前景的方法，但由于复杂的多电子转移过程和竞争的反应途径，同时实现高活性和选择性仍然是一项挑战。本文提出了一种合理设计的串联电催化剂，该电催化剂由银纳米粒子锚定在富含氮空位的Cu 3n纳米线（Ag@Cu 3n /CF）上，用于高效的NO 3rr。通过异质结构之间的协同作用，Ag@Cu 3 N/CF在- 0.3 V下的氨收率为1.91 mmol h - 1 cm - 2，与RHE相比，法拉第效率为95.9%，显著优于单个组分和最近报道的高端电催化剂。综合机理研究揭示了一个空间分离的串联催化途径，其中Ag位点促进初始脱氧过程（no3−→no2−），而富含空位的Cu 3n位点促进随后的加氢反应（no2−→nh3）。这种分层和紧密集成的双功能电催化剂设计有效地解耦了多步硝酸盐还原为氨的冲突要求，从而实现了高效的界面中间体吸附/转移，并最大限度地减少了副反应。此外，用该催化剂构建的硝酸锌水溶液电池的开路电压为1.081 V，最大功率密度为12.08 mW cm - 2，循环稳定性超过30小时。这项工作为串联电催化剂的设计提供了基础见解，并为可持续氨生产和环境应用建立了新的策略。
{"title":"Spatially Separated Ag@Cu 3 N Tandem Electrocatalyst with High Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Selectivity via Decoupled Deoxygenation‐Hydrogenation Pathway","authors":"Haohui Dong, Jiahui Ye, Xuesong Liu, He Zhang, Li Yuan, Wen Tian, Junyi Ji","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202526882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202526882","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> RR) offers a promising approach for sustainable ammonia synthesis and environmental remediation, yet simultaneously achieving high activity and selectivity remains challenging due to complex multi‐electron transfer processes and competing reaction pathways. Herein, a rationally designed tandem electrocatalyst comprising Ag nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen vacancies‐rich Cu <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> N nanowires (Ag@Cu <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> N/CF) for highly efficient NO <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> RR is presented. By the synergetic effect between heterostructures, Ag@Cu <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> N/CF demonstrates an exceptional ammonia yield of 1.91 mmol h <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> and remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 95.9% at −0.3 V versus RHE, significantly outperforming individual components and recently reported high‐end electrocatalysts. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations reveal a spatially separated tandem catalytic pathway, where Ag sites facilitate the initial deoxygenation process (NO <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> →NO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> ) while vacancies‐rich Cu <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> N sites promote subsequent hydrogenation reaction (NO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>−</jats:sup> →NH <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> ). This hierarchical and closely integrated dual‐functional electrocatalyst design effectively decouples the conflicting requirements of multi‐step nitrate reduction to ammonia, thus enabling efficient interfacial intermediate adsorption/transfer and minimizing side reactions. Furthermore, an aqueous Zn‐nitrate battery constructed with this catalyst achieves an open circuit voltage of 1.081 V, maximum power density of 12.08 mW cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> , and exceptional cycling stability over 30 h. This work provides fundamental insights into tandem electrocatalyst design and establishes new strategies for sustainable ammonia production and environmental applications.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Iglesias‐Rojas, Danny Villanueva, Jon Mentxaka‐Salgado, Nerea Lete, Ane Olazagoitia‐Garmendia, Eduardo Fernández, Iñaki Orue, Alfredo García‐Arribas, Maria Luisa Fdez‐Gubieda, Ainara Castellanos‐Rubio, Robert Morel, Bernard Dieny, Maite Insausti, Idoia Castellanos‐Rubio
A modular microfabrication strategy is presented for developing multifunctional magnetic microdiscs (MDs) with structural control and tunable composition. Combining photolithography with layer‐by‐layer assembly, this approach enables the fabrication of perfectly flat microdiscs with nanometric thickness. By selecting distinct lithographic methods, the disc diameter is tailored to modulate cellular interaction: large discs (≈18 µm) remain at the cell surface, while smaller ones (≈1.5 µm) are readily internalized. This dimensional tunability defines whether the platform operates extracellularly or intracellularly. Both microdisc types show excellent biocompatibility (at 4 MD‐18/cell and 3000 MD‐1.5/cell) and deliver spatially confined, non‐cytotoxic heating (AFM = 677 kHz, 25 mT, 1 h). These features support their use not for thermal ablation but for magnetothermal stimulation or enhanced molecular delivery. The fabrication method allows independent control of the inorganic thin film, polymeric layers, magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) content, and biomolecular payloads. Integrating Fe 3 O 4 MNPs of optimized size and shape maximizes magnetic responsiveness. Additionally, BSA‐loaded microdiscs are fabricated to illustrate the system's potential for programmable biomolecule delivery using the HCT116 cell line. Time‐lapse assays reveal efficient uptake dynamics, with protein loading influencing internalization. These hybrid MDs combine adjustable design and predictable uptake, offering strong potential for next‐generation magnetically actuated biomedical strategies.
{"title":"Hybrid Microdiscs for Magnetically Induced Non‐Cytotoxic Thermal Actuation and Programmable Biomolecule Delivery","authors":"Daniela Iglesias‐Rojas, Danny Villanueva, Jon Mentxaka‐Salgado, Nerea Lete, Ane Olazagoitia‐Garmendia, Eduardo Fernández, Iñaki Orue, Alfredo García‐Arribas, Maria Luisa Fdez‐Gubieda, Ainara Castellanos‐Rubio, Robert Morel, Bernard Dieny, Maite Insausti, Idoia Castellanos‐Rubio","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202525146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202525146","url":null,"abstract":"A modular microfabrication strategy is presented for developing multifunctional magnetic microdiscs (MDs) with structural control and tunable composition. Combining photolithography with layer‐by‐layer assembly, this approach enables the fabrication of perfectly flat microdiscs with nanometric thickness. By selecting distinct lithographic methods, the disc diameter is tailored to modulate cellular interaction: large discs (≈18 µm) remain at the cell surface, while smaller ones (≈1.5 µm) are readily internalized. This dimensional tunability defines whether the platform operates extracellularly or intracellularly. Both microdisc types show excellent biocompatibility (at 4 MD‐18/cell and 3000 MD‐1.5/cell) and deliver spatially confined, non‐cytotoxic heating (AFM = 677 kHz, 25 mT, 1 h). These features support their use not for thermal ablation but for magnetothermal stimulation or enhanced molecular delivery. The fabrication method allows independent control of the inorganic thin film, polymeric layers, magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) content, and biomolecular payloads. Integrating Fe <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> MNPs of optimized size and shape maximizes magnetic responsiveness. Additionally, BSA‐loaded microdiscs are fabricated to illustrate the system's potential for programmable biomolecule delivery using the HCT116 cell line. Time‐lapse assays reveal efficient uptake dynamics, with protein loading influencing internalization. These hybrid MDs combine adjustable design and predictable uptake, offering strong potential for next‐generation magnetically actuated biomedical strategies.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conversion‐type cathodes represent a promising route to high‐energy‐density aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), yet their practical deployment remains challenged by irreversible phase transitions and pronounced reaction heterogeneity. In this study, the initial discharge “voltage valley” phenomenon is identified as a key indicator of kinetic instability and structural degradation in the conversion reaction of typical Cu 2 O cathode. To this end, an in situ epitaxial growth strategy is developed to construct conductive Cu‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Cu‐MOFs) armor on Cu 2 O cubes, seamlessly integrating to form robust core–shell structures. The multifunctional MOFs layer serves as an ion‐flux homogenizer, electron transport network, and nanoscale reaction cage, which collectively suppress the voltage valley, regulate reaction kinetics, and enhance conversion reversibility. The optimized Cu 2 O@Cu‐MOF cathode delivers a high capacity of 235 mAh g −1 even at 5 A g −1 and achieves outstanding cycling stability with 82.2% capacity retention after more than 9000 cycles. This work not only provides a universal epitaxial stabilization strategy for conversion‐type electrodes but also deciphers the critical role of interfacial ion/electron regulation in achieving sustainable conversion reactions.
转换型阴极是一种很有前途的高能量密度水性锌离子电池（azib），但其实际应用仍然受到不可逆相变和明显的反应非均质性的挑战。在本研究中，将初始放电“电压谷”现象确定为典型cu2o阴极转化反应中动力学不稳定和结构退化的关键指标。为此，研究人员开发了一种原位外延生长策略，在cu2o立方体上构建导电铜基金属有机框架（Cu - MOFs）装甲，无缝集成形成坚固的核壳结构。多功能mof层作为离子通量均质器、电子传递网络和纳米级反应笼，共同抑制电压谷，调节反应动力学，增强转化可逆性。优化后的cu2 O@Cu‐MOF阴极即使在5a g−1时也能提供235 mAh g−1的高容量，并且在超过9000次循环后仍能保持82.2%的容量。这项工作不仅为转换型电极提供了一种通用的外延稳定策略，而且还解释了界面离子/电子调节在实现可持续转换反应中的关键作用。
{"title":"Taming “Voltage Valley” in Conversion‐Type Cu 2 O Cathode Via Epitaxial MOF Integration for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries","authors":"Pengshu Yi, Zhi‐Heng Li, Yongshuai Liu, Wenyi Lu, Shaochong Cao, Fengkai Zuo, Shan He, Zhouhong Ren, Liang Cao, Mingxin Ye, Jianfeng Shen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202526891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202526891","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion‐type cathodes represent a promising route to high‐energy‐density aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), yet their practical deployment remains challenged by irreversible phase transitions and pronounced reaction heterogeneity. In this study, the initial discharge “voltage valley” phenomenon is identified as a key indicator of kinetic instability and structural degradation in the conversion reaction of typical Cu <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O cathode. To this end, an in situ epitaxial growth strategy is developed to construct conductive Cu‐based metal‐organic frameworks (Cu‐MOFs) armor on Cu <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O cubes, seamlessly integrating to form robust core–shell structures. The multifunctional MOFs layer serves as an ion‐flux homogenizer, electron transport network, and nanoscale reaction cage, which collectively suppress the voltage valley, regulate reaction kinetics, and enhance conversion reversibility. The optimized Cu <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O@Cu‐MOF cathode delivers a high capacity of 235 mAh g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> even at 5 A g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and achieves outstanding cycling stability with 82.2% capacity retention after more than 9000 cycles. This work not only provides a universal epitaxial stabilization strategy for conversion‐type electrodes but also deciphers the critical role of interfacial ion/electron regulation in achieving sustainable conversion reactions.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lateral inhibition is a phenomenon observed in retinal neurons that enhances edge perception and increases the contrast of visual images. Here, a novel proton migration‐driven multi‐channel device is developed, which is designed for edge detection in real images by employing the principle of lateral inhibition. The device comprises 24 indium zinc oxide (IZO) channels interconnected via proton migration within a common Nafion electrolyte, enabling high interactivity among the IZO channels. The conductance of the respective channels is determined by the proton concentration in the channels as a result of intercalation and de‐intercalation of protons with voltage pulse applications. The device clearly mimics various retinal functions, such as center‐surround antagonism and optical illusions such as the Mach band and Hermann grid, in which perceived contrast is enhanced at the edges between dark and bright areas. Based on these characteristics, the multi‐channel device is used to extract the edge information from real images by utilizing the intrinsic properties of the ionic materials. These results suggest that proton‐based highly interactive devices have the potential in use for applications related to the development of artificial hardware‐oriented vision systems.
{"title":"Hardware‐Oriented Visual Information Edge Detection, Based on Proton Migration‐Driven Lateral Inhibition","authors":"Samapika Mallik, Kazuya Terabe, Tohru Tsuruoka","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202523757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202523757","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral inhibition is a phenomenon observed in retinal neurons that enhances edge perception and increases the contrast of visual images. Here, a novel proton migration‐driven multi‐channel device is developed, which is designed for edge detection in real images by employing the principle of lateral inhibition. The device comprises 24 indium zinc oxide (IZO) channels interconnected via proton migration within a common Nafion electrolyte, enabling high interactivity among the IZO channels. The conductance of the respective channels is determined by the proton concentration in the channels as a result of intercalation and de‐intercalation of protons with voltage pulse applications. The device clearly mimics various retinal functions, such as center‐surround antagonism and optical illusions such as the Mach band and Hermann grid, in which perceived contrast is enhanced at the edges between dark and bright areas. Based on these characteristics, the multi‐channel device is used to extract the edge information from real images by utilizing the intrinsic properties of the ionic materials. These results suggest that proton‐based highly interactive devices have the potential in use for applications related to the development of artificial hardware‐oriented vision systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chu‐Pen Liao, Chien‐Hung Wang, Hamed Pourzolfaghar, Shu‐Ming Yang, Yuan‐Yao Li
Silicon monoxide (SiO) is a highly promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) because of its high theoretical specific capacity. However, its intrinsically poor electrical conductivity and the inevitable formation of an electrochemically inactive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) severely limit battery performance. Here, we propose a scalable wet ball‐milling strategy to construct a dual‐layer core‐shell SiO‐based composite. The inner layer comprises a hybrid conductive network of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), significantly improves electron transport pathways. The outer shell is a dense sulfur‐doped cyclized polyacrylonitrile (ScPAN), derived from a polymer precursor, which effectively mitigates volume expansion, stabilizes the SEI, and prevents direct SiO‐electrolyte contact. This unique architecture yields the SiO@rGO‐CNT@ScPAN composite, used as the active anode material in LIBs. Battery tests show an initial coulombic efficiency of 81.48% at 0.1 A g −1 , along with excellent cycling stability and rate performance. Notably, it retains 901.7 mAh g −1 after 250 cycles at 1 A g −1 , with 94.37% capacity retention and coulombic efficiency above 99%. Furthermore, a full cell with a NCM811 cathode exhibits stable cycling over 150 cycles at 0.2 C, demonstrating the practical viability of this composite design for next‐generation LIBs.
一氧化硅（SiO）具有较高的理论比容量，是锂离子电池极具应用前景的负极材料。然而，其固有的导电性差和不可避免的形成电化学不活跃的固体电解质界面（SEI）严重限制了电池的性能。在这里，我们提出了一种可扩展的湿球磨策略来构建双层核壳SiO基复合材料。内层包括碳纳米管（CNTs）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）的混合导电网络，显著改善了电子传递途径。外壳是致密的硫掺杂环化聚丙烯腈（ScPAN），源自聚合物前驱体，有效地减缓了体积膨胀，稳定了SEI，并防止了SiO -电解质的直接接触。这种独特的结构产生了SiO@rGO‐CNT@ScPAN复合材料，用作lib中的活性阳极材料。电池测试表明，在0.1 A g−1条件下，初始库仑效率为81.48%，具有良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能。值得注意的是，在1 A g−1下循环250次后，其容量保持率为901.7 mAh g−1，容量保持率为94.37%，库仑效率高于99%。此外，使用NCM811阴极的完整电池在0.2℃下稳定循环超过150次，证明了该复合材料设计用于下一代lib的实际可行性。
{"title":"Dual‐Layer Sulfur‐Doped Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase on SiO Anodes Boosts the Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries","authors":"Chu‐Pen Liao, Chien‐Hung Wang, Hamed Pourzolfaghar, Shu‐Ming Yang, Yuan‐Yao Li","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202524516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202524516","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon monoxide (SiO) is a highly promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) because of its high theoretical specific capacity. However, its intrinsically poor electrical conductivity and the inevitable formation of an electrochemically inactive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) severely limit battery performance. Here, we propose a scalable wet ball‐milling strategy to construct a dual‐layer core‐shell SiO‐based composite. The inner layer comprises a hybrid conductive network of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), significantly improves electron transport pathways. The outer shell is a dense sulfur‐doped cyclized polyacrylonitrile (ScPAN), derived from a polymer precursor, which effectively mitigates volume expansion, stabilizes the SEI, and prevents direct SiO‐electrolyte contact. This unique architecture yields the SiO@rGO‐CNT@ScPAN composite, used as the active anode material in LIBs. Battery tests show an initial coulombic efficiency of 81.48% at 0.1 A g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , along with excellent cycling stability and rate performance. Notably, it retains 901.7 mAh g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> after 250 cycles at 1 A g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , with 94.37% capacity retention and coulombic efficiency above 99%. Furthermore, a full cell with a NCM811 cathode exhibits stable cycling over 150 cycles at 0.2 C, demonstrating the practical viability of this composite design for next‐generation LIBs.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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