Recent advances in exploring new blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer

IF 10.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Science China Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI:10.1007/s11426-024-2189-1

Xinyu Peng, Qian Ma, Da Han

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Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. The absence of distinctive symptoms often leads to late-stage diagnosis, contributing to a grim prognosis. Early detection is pivotal for improving the survival rates and outcomes of GC patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, including gastroscopy and histopathological examination, are restricted in the early diagnosis of GC. Conventional protein biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), exhibit insufficient sensitivity and specificity for GC screening, which diminishes their clinical value. Recently, novel circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA), and circulating free RNA (cfRNA), have emerged as promising candidates in the burgeoning field of liquid biopsy due to their superior sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the latest research on blood-based biomarkers for GC diagnosis and examines the clinical potentials and challenges associated with these emerging biomarkers.

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新血液生物标志物在胃癌早期诊断中的研究进展

胃癌（GC）是世界范围内常见的致死性恶性肿瘤，5年生存率不到30%。缺乏明显症状往往导致晚期诊断，导致预后不佳。早期发现是提高胃癌患者生存率和预后的关键。传统的诊断方法，包括胃镜检查和组织病理学检查，在胃癌的早期诊断中受到限制。常规的蛋白质生物标志物，如癌胚抗原（CEA）、碳水化合物抗原19-9 （CA19-9）和碳水化合物抗原72-4 (CA72-4)，在GC筛查中缺乏敏感性和特异性，降低了它们的临床价值。最近，新的循环生物标志物，如循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）、循环肿瘤细胞DNA （ctDNA）和循环游离RNA (cfRNA)，由于其优越的敏感性和特异性，在新兴的液体活检领域成为有希望的候选者。本文综述了血液生物标志物在GC诊断中的最新研究，并探讨了这些新兴生物标志物的临床潜力和挑战。

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来源期刊

Science China Chemistry CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

7.30%

发文量

3787

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Science China Chemistry, co-sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China and published by Science China Press, publishes high-quality original research in both basic and applied chemistry. Indexed by Science Citation Index, it is a premier academic journal in the field. Categories of articles include: Highlights. Brief summaries and scholarly comments on recent research achievements in any field of chemistry. Perspectives. Concise reports on thelatest chemistry trends of interest to scientists worldwide, including discussions of research breakthroughs and interpretations of important science and funding policies. Reviews. In-depth summaries of representative results and achievements of the past 5–10 years in selected topics based on or closely related to the research expertise of the authors, providing a thorough assessment of the significance, current status, and future research directions of the field.