Microwave activation of ground tyre rubber and its application in off-road tyre tread formulation

IF 23.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI:10.1007/s42114-024-01179-9

Zdeněk Hrdlička, Jiří Brejcha, Ján Otruba, Jan Skočilas, Jaromír Štancl, Alena Kadeřábková, Drahomír Čadek, Jan Krmela, Vladimíra Krmelová

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Abstract

Finding a way to increase the amount of recycled waste tyres is a current global challenge. Among others, the production of ground tyre rubber (GTR) and its application in a new rubber compound looks as a perspective way. However, the compatibility of GTR and rubber matrix is limited, leading to insufficient properties of the new material. To improve them, it is suitable to activate the GTR prior to mixing. In this paper, GTR obtained by water jet process was activated with microwave irradiation (i) in a household oven at 400 W and 800 W for 1 and 3 min, and (ii) in an industrial device at 500 W, 1000 W, 1500 W and 1750 W for 1, 3 and 5 min. A total of 7% (w/w) of the irradiated GTR was incorporated into a carbon black-filled rubber compound based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber (NR) and butadiene rubber (BR), with a formulation for off-road tyre treads. Most compounds containing microwave-treated GTR showed comparable or better properties than the reference with untreated GTR (tensile strength, 14.9 MPa; elongation at break, 437%; modulus at 300% elongation, 8.97 MPa; hardness, 65.6 Shore A). The industrial microwave device offered better results and the possibility of use of higher variation in conditions than the home microwave oven.

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微波活化地面轮胎橡胶及其在越野轮胎胎面配方中的应用

找到一种方法来增加回收废旧轮胎的数量是当前的全球挑战。其中，地面轮胎橡胶（GTR）的生产及其在新型橡胶胶料中的应用是一种前景广阔的方法。然而，GTR与橡胶基体的相容性有限，导致新材料的性能不足。为了改善它们，在混合前激活GTR是合适的。GTR本文获得的水射流过程激活与微波辐射(我)在一个家庭烤箱在400 W和800 W 1和3分钟,和(2)在一个工业设备在500 W, 1000 W、1500 W和1750 W, 3和5分钟。总共7% (W / W)辐照GTR被纳入碳black-filled橡胶化合物基于丁苯橡胶(SBR)、天然橡胶(NR)和顺丁橡胶(BR)和越野轮胎履带的配方。大多数含有经微波处理的GTR的化合物的性能与未经处理的GTR相当或更好(抗拉强度为14.9 MPa；断裂伸长率：437%；300%伸长率时的模量为8.97 MPa；硬度，65.6 Shore A)。工业微波装置提供了更好的结果，并且在条件变化较大的情况下使用的可能性比家用微波炉。

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来源期刊

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

26.00

自引率

21.40%

发文量

185

期刊介绍： Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials is a leading international journal that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists working on composites, including nanocomposites. Our aim is to facilitate rapid scientific communication in this field. The journal publishes high-quality research on various aspects of composite materials, including materials design, surface and interface science/engineering, manufacturing, structure control, property design, device fabrication, and other applications. We also welcome simulation and modeling studies that are relevant to composites. Additionally, papers focusing on the relationship between fillers and the matrix are of particular interest. Our scope includes polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with a special emphasis on reviews and meta-analyses related to materials selection. We cover a wide range of topics, including transport properties, strategies for controlling interfaces and composition distribution, bottom-up assembly of nanocomposites, highly porous and high-density composites, electronic structure design, materials synergisms, and thermoelectric materials. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials follows a rigorous single-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the published work.