Predictors of Ever Using Marijuana Among US First Responders.

Abstract

Objective: Estimate ever using marijuana in a sample of US career first responders.

Methods: Health survey cohort data collected between 2018 and 2024 from employed and retired US first responders were analyzed for frequency of ever using marijuana. Binary logistic regression models estimated the association between ever using marijuana and first responder demographics, employment status, and risky health behaviors.

Results: Among 1310 current/retired first responders, 15.3% reported ever using marijuana (80.0% seldom, 18.0% often, and 2.0% always). Currently employed firefighter/paramedic/emergency medical technicians had the highest (45.5%), whereas Battalion/EMS/Deputy/Fire Chiefs had the lowest use (3.0%). First responders who binge drink (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.03; P = 0.033), former-smoker (aOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.68-3.47; P < 0.001), or current-smokers (aOR = 3.61; 95% CI: 1.01-12.93; P = 0.049), and were retired (aOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.20-2.87) were significantly more likely to report ever using marijuana.

Conclusions: Ever using marijuana was highest among those rank firefighter/paramedics/emergency medical technician and significantly associated with binge drinking, retirement, and smoking behaviors.