Systematic review on the effects of exercise with and without breakfast consumption on cognitive performance in healthy adults.

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY BMC Psychology Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-02327-y

Shu-Shih Hsieh, Yu Tian, Chun-Yuan Cheng, Yung-Chih Chen

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Abstract

Background: The objective of this systematic review was to review the current evidence on the effects of acute exercise with and without morning breakfast consumption on cognitive performance.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines and is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023396125). Studies were included if they investigated effects of acute exercise with and without preceding morning breakfast on cognitive performance measured during and following exercise in healthy adults. Eligible studies from 5 electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase, with no limitations on years and dates of publications to retrieve maximal number of literature (literature search and screen were completed on 13 December 2024). Study quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro).

Results: A total of 3018 studies were screened. Five studies, involving 70 participants (42 women, aged between 18 and 50 years) in total (sample size per study: 10-24), were eligible for inclusion in this review. The synthesised results based on 5 identified studies with healthy adults showed that there was no indication that effects of exercise on cognitive performance (e.g., processing speed, inhibitory control) are altered by breakfast skipping and/or consumption (e.g., different portion, macronutrients, and contents). The included studies had a mean PEDro score of 4.0 (scored between 3 and 5), suggesting 'fair' methodological quality.

Conclusion: The synthesised results showed that there was no indication that effects of exercise on cognitive performance (e.g., processing speed, inhibitory control) are altered by morning breakfast consumption or macronutrients and contents of breakfast in healthy adults. However, the synthesised results should be interpreted cautiously, given the limited evidence and the heterogeneity in methodology with mostly involved young and healthy adults. Further investigation regarding interactive effects of breakfast and exercise on cognition, especially in individuals with metabolic disease or medical conditions, is warranted.

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有早餐和不吃早餐对健康成人认知能力影响的系统评价。

背景：本系统综述的目的是回顾目前关于有或不吃早餐的急性运动对认知表现影响的证据。方法：本系统评价遵循系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目，并在国际前瞻性系统评价注册（CRD42023396125）中注册。如果研究调查了健康成年人在运动期间和运动后进行的有早餐和没有早餐的急性运动对认知表现的影响，则纳入研究。从PubMed、Scopus、MEDLINE、Web of Science和Embase 5个电子数据库中检索符合条件的研究，检索文献的最大数量，没有出版年份和日期限制（文献检索和筛选于2024年12月13日完成）。使用物理治疗证据数据库量表（PEDro）评估研究质量。结果：共筛选了3018项研究。5项研究，共涉及70名参与者（42名女性，年龄在18至50岁之间）（每项研究的样本量：10-24），符合纳入本综述的条件。基于对健康成人进行的5项已确定研究的综合结果表明，没有迹象表明运动对认知表现（例如，处理速度、抑制控制）的影响会因不吃早餐和/或摄入（例如，不同的份量、常量营养素和含量）而改变。纳入的研究的平均PEDro得分为4.0（得分在3到5之间），表明方法质量“公平”。结论：综合结果显示，没有迹象表明运动对认知表现（如处理速度、抑制控制）的影响会因健康成人早餐的摄入量或常量营养素和早餐的含量而改变。然而，考虑到有限的证据和方法的异质性，主要涉及年轻和健康的成年人，综合结果应谨慎解释。需要进一步研究早餐和运动对认知的相互作用，特别是对有代谢疾病或身体状况的个体。

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来源期刊

BMC Psychology Psychology-Psychology (all)

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

2.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

24 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Psychology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers manuscripts on all aspects of psychology, human behavior and the mind, including developmental, clinical, cognitive, experimental, health and social psychology, as well as personality and individual differences. The journal welcomes quantitative and qualitative research methods, including animal studies.