Drones delivering automated external defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

IF 2.1 Q3 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE Resuscitation plus Pub Date : 2024-12-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100841

Louise Kollander Jakobsen, Victor Kjærulf, Janet Bray, Theresa Mariero Olasveengen, Fredrik Folke

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Abstract

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a critical health concern, where prompt access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) significantly improves survival. This scoping review broadly investigates the feasibility and impact of dronedelivered AEDs for OHCA response.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 6, 2024, with eligibility broadly including empirical data. The charting process involved iterative data extraction for thematic analysis.

Results: We identified 306 titles and, after duplicate removal, title/abstract screening, and full text review, included 39 studies. These were divided into three categories: 1) Real-world observational studies (n = 3), 2) Test flights/simulation studies and qualitative analyses (n = 15), and 3) Computer/prediction models (n = 21). Real-world studies demonstrated the feasibility of drone AED delivery, with a time advantage of 01:52 - 03:14 min over ambulances observed in 64-67 % of cases. Test flight/simulation and qualitative studies consistently reported feasibility and positive bystander experiences. Computer/prediction models exhibited considerable heterogeneity, yet all indicated significant time savings for AED delivery compared to traditional EMS methods. Moreover, seven studies estimated improved survival rates, with five assessing cost-effectiveness and favouring drone systems. Regional factors such as EMS response times, volunteer responder programmes, terrain, weather, and budget constraints influenced the system's effectiveness.

Conclusion: Across all categories, studies confirmed the feasibility of drone-delivered AED systems, with significant potential for reducing time to AED arrival compared to EMS arrival. Prediction models suggested enhanced survival alongside costeffectiveness. Further research, including more extensive real-world studies and regulatory advancements, is imperative to integrate drones effectively into OHCA response systems.

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为院外心脏骤停提供自动体外除颤器的无人机：范围审查。

院外心脏骤停（OHCA）仍然是一个严重的健康问题，其中及时获得自动体外除颤器（aed）可显着提高生存率。这篇范围综述广泛调查了无人机运送aed对OHCA响应的可行性和影响。方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane和Web of Science从成立到2024年8月6日，检索范围广泛，包括经验数据。绘制图表的过程涉及为专题分析反复抽取数据。结果：我们确定了306个标题，经过重复删除、标题/摘要筛选和全文审查，包括39项研究。这些研究分为三类：1)真实世界观察研究（n = 3）， 2)试飞/模拟研究和定性分析（n = 15），以及3)计算机/预测模型（n = 21）。现实世界的研究证明了无人机运送AED的可行性，在64- 67%的病例中，无人机比救护车的时间优势为01:52 - 03:14分钟。试飞/模拟和定性研究一致报告了可行性和积极的旁观者经验。计算机/预测模型显示出相当大的异质性，但所有模型都表明，与传统的EMS方法相比，AED交付时间显著节省。此外，有7项研究估计提高了存活率，其中5项研究评估了成本效益，并支持无人机系统。区域因素，如紧急医疗服务系统的响应时间、志愿救援计划、地形、天气和预算限制，都会影响系统的有效性。结论：在所有类别中，研究都证实了无人机交付AED系统的可行性，与EMS相比，无人机交付AED系统具有显著的缩短到达时间的潜力。预测模型显示，在提高成本效益的同时，生存率也有所提高。为了将无人机有效地整合到OHCA响应系统中，进一步的研究，包括更广泛的现实世界研究和监管进步，是必不可少的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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