Carbohydrate supplementation maintains physical performance during short-term energy deficit despite reductions in exogenous glucose oxidation.

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00418.2024
Lee M Margolis, Jillian T Allen, Nancy E Murphy, Christopher T Carrigan, Emily E Howard, David E Barney, Devin J Drummer, Julia Michalak, Arny A Ferrando, Stefan M Pasiakos, Jess A Gwin
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Abstract

Exogenous glucose oxidation is reduced 55% during aerobic exercise after 3 days of complete starvation. Whether energy deficits more commonly experienced by athletes and military personnel similarly affect exogenous glucose oxidation and what impact this has on physical performance remains undetermined. This randomized, longitudinal parallel study aimed to assess the effects of varying magnitudes of energy deficit (DEF) on exogenous glucose oxidation and physical performance compared with energy balance (BAL). Participants consumed a 4-day BAL diet, followed by a 6-day 20% (n = 10), 40% (n = 10), or 60% (n = 10) DEF diet. At the end of each energy phase, participants performed 90-min of steady-state cycle ergometry (56 ± 3% V̇o2peak) while consuming a glucose drink (80 g), followed by a time to exhaustion (TTE) performance test. Substrate oxidation (g/min) was determined by indirect calorimetry and 13C-glucose. Muscle glycogen (mmol/kg dry wt) and transcript accumulation were assessed in rested fasted muscle collected before exercise in each phase. Muscle glycogen was lower (P = 0.002) during DEF (365 ± 179) than BAL (456 ± 125), regardless of group. Transcriptional regulation of glucose uptake (GLUT4 and IRS2) and glycogenolysis (HKII and PKM) were lower (P < 0.05) during DEF than BAL, independent of group. Regardless of group, exogenous glucose oxidation was 10% lower (P < 0.001) during DEF (0.38 ± 0.08) than BAL (0.42 ± 0.08). There was no evidence of a difference in TTE between BAL and DEF or between groups. In conclusion, despite modest reduction in exogenous glucose oxidative capacity during energy deficit, physical performance was similar compared with balance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Short-term (6-day) energy deficit reduced exogenous glucose oxidation during exercise. Though less exogenous glucose was used for fuel, young healthy individuals appear to have a metabolic resilience to short-term periods of low energy availability, with no observed differences in the ability to take up and oxidize exogenous glucose between minimal (20%), moderate (40%), and severe (60%) energy deficits. Similar metabolic responses to carbohydrate supplementation independent of deficit severity likely contributed to sustainment of physical performance.

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尽管外源性葡萄糖氧化减少,但在短期能量不足时,补充碳水化合物仍能维持身体机能。
经过三天完全饥饿的有氧运动,外源性葡萄糖氧化减少55%。运动员和军事人员更常见的能量不足是否同样影响外源性葡萄糖氧化,以及这对身体表现的影响仍未确定。这项随机、纵向平行研究旨在评估与能量平衡(BAL)相比,不同程度的能量赤字(DEF)对外源性葡萄糖氧化和身体机能的影响。参与者食用了为期4天的BAL饮食,随后是为期6天的20% (n=10)、40% (n=10)或60% (n=10)的DEF饮食。在每个能量阶段结束时,参与者在消耗葡萄糖饮料(80 g)的同时进行90分钟的稳态循环测量(56±3% V / o2峰值),然后进行疲劳时间(TTE)性能测试。通过间接量热法和13C葡萄糖测定底物氧化(g/min)。在每个阶段运动前收集的休息禁食肌肉中评估肌糖原(mmol/kg干重)和转录物积累。无论各组,DEF(365±179)组肌糖原低于BAL(456±125)组(P = 0.002)。DEF期间葡萄糖摄取(glut4 - italic>和IRS2)和糖原分解(HKII和PKM)的转录调节低于BAL (P < 0.05),与对照组无关。无论各组,DEF(0.38±0.08)期间外源性葡萄糖氧化比BAL(0.42±0.08)低10% (P < 0.001)。在BAL和DEF组之间,没有证据表明TTE有差异。综上所述,尽管能量不足时外源性葡萄糖氧化能力略有下降,但与平衡时相比,身体表现相似。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
98
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism publishes original, mechanistic studies on the physiology of endocrine and metabolic systems. Physiological, cellular, and molecular studies in whole animals or humans will be considered. Specific themes include, but are not limited to, mechanisms of hormone and growth factor action; hormonal and nutritional regulation of metabolism, inflammation, microbiome and energy balance; integrative organ cross talk; paracrine and autocrine control of endocrine cells; function and activation of hormone receptors; endocrine or metabolic control of channels, transporters, and membrane function; temporal analysis of hormone secretion and metabolism; and mathematical/kinetic modeling of metabolism. Novel molecular, immunological, or biophysical studies of hormone action are also welcome.
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