Cotton2035: From Genomics Research to Optimized Breeding.

Abstract

Cotton is the world's most important natural fiber crop and serves as an ideal model for studying plant genome evolution, cell differentiation, elongation, and cell wall biosynthesis. The first draft of the cotton genome for Gossypium raimondii, completed in 2012, marked the beginning of global efforts in cotton genomics. Over the past decade, the cotton research community has continued to assemble and refine genomes for both wild and cultivated Gossypium species. With the accumulation of de novo genome assemblies and resequencing data across cotton populations, significant progress has been made in uncovering the genetic basis of key agronomic traits. Achieving the goal of cotton genomics-to-breeding (G2B) will require a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms involved in genome information storage and expression. We advocate for a cotton ENCODE project to systematically decode the functional elements and regulatory networks within the cotton genome. Technological advances, particularly in single-cell sequencing and high-resolution spatiotemporal omics, will be essential in elucidating these regulatory mechanisms. By integrating multi-omics data, genome editing tools, and artificial intelligence, these efforts will empower the genomics-driven strategies needed for future cotton G2B breeding.