{"title":"Seasonal variations and comparative nutritional composition of hatchery-reared, hatchery-released, and wild black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","authors":"Liu Wang, Yunhai He, Xu Wei, Xinyan Liang, Ruonan Zhang, Qi Liu, Chenqi Wang, Jinfeng Chen, Meiyuan Li, Zhi Ma, Shaodong Qu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1536508","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The black rockfish (<jats:italic>Sebastes schlegelii</jats:italic>) is a commercially important marine species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Its population has significantly declined due to overfishing and environmental changes. Stock enhancement has been launched in response to wild populations decline. However, limited evidence is available to confirm the ecological effects after release. Empirically, if the hatchery-released individuals are well-adapted to the wild environment, they should show good or similar nutritional conditions as well as their wild counterparts. Therefore, nutritional analysis was essential and conducted in the present study, by using 146 <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> individuals in order to compare the differences among hatchery-reared (before-release), hatchery-released, and wild conspecifics (post-release) groups in consideration of different environments during a whole stock enhancement practice. Our results exhibited that hatchery-reared <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> exhibited significantly lower levels of crude protein and amino acid content than that of hatchery-released and wild ones (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Specifically, both the hatchery-released and wild <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> generally showed similar trends of nutrition profiling compared with their hatchery-reared counterparts, such as moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein, and amino acid profiles (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05), indicating homogeneity in their nutritional contents. Our research suggested that <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> exhibited extensive ecological plasticity, and the variations in nutrition of a population was mainly influenced by environmental factors rather than the origin. However, several differences in fatty acid composition between hatchery-released and wild <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> indicated that hatchery-released fish might not have fully adapt to the food supply in the wild. This study provided insights into promoting responsible stock enhancement of this species in the future.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Marine Science","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1536508","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a commercially important marine species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Its population has significantly declined due to overfishing and environmental changes. Stock enhancement has been launched in response to wild populations decline. However, limited evidence is available to confirm the ecological effects after release. Empirically, if the hatchery-released individuals are well-adapted to the wild environment, they should show good or similar nutritional conditions as well as their wild counterparts. Therefore, nutritional analysis was essential and conducted in the present study, by using 146 S. schlegelii individuals in order to compare the differences among hatchery-reared (before-release), hatchery-released, and wild conspecifics (post-release) groups in consideration of different environments during a whole stock enhancement practice. Our results exhibited that hatchery-reared S. schlegelii exhibited significantly lower levels of crude protein and amino acid content than that of hatchery-released and wild ones (P < 0.05). Specifically, both the hatchery-released and wild S. schlegelii generally showed similar trends of nutrition profiling compared with their hatchery-reared counterparts, such as moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein, and amino acid profiles (P > 0.05), indicating homogeneity in their nutritional contents. Our research suggested that S. schlegelii exhibited extensive ecological plasticity, and the variations in nutrition of a population was mainly influenced by environmental factors rather than the origin. However, several differences in fatty acid composition between hatchery-released and wild S. schlegelii indicated that hatchery-released fish might not have fully adapt to the food supply in the wild. This study provided insights into promoting responsible stock enhancement of this species in the future.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide.
With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.
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