Caregivers' Perspectives on Supporting Sexual and Gender-Diverse Youth in Adolescent Relationship Abuse Prevention.

Abstract

Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) has significant sequelae and is more prevalent among sexual and gender-diverse youth (SGDY). Increased parental involvement and communication has been linked to decreased prevalence of ARA and associated health risks. Parents of SGDY may have unique needs and experiences regarding communicating with their children about ARA, yet little research has examined this area. This study explored caregivers' current practices around supporting their SGDY in healthy relationship formation and ARA prevention; caregivers' perceptions about ARA among SGDY; and their recommendations for developing ARA prevention-focused interventions for caregivers of SGDY. We conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with caregivers of SGDY aged 12 to 19. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Some participants reported having positive, open communication with their SGDY about dating, while others struggled to understand and respond to the unique risks of ARA experienced by their adolescent. Caregivers discussed ways systemic discrimination affects SGDY experiences of relationships and ARA, and distinct dating challenges for gender-diverse youth. When considering caregiver-focused ARA prevention, participants supported a program including ARA education, communication skills building, and caregiver affirmation. Participants encouraged the use of digital and in-person mediums, experienced and relatable facilitators, and SGDY involvement. Caregivers of SGDY had significant strengths and challenges when engaging and communicating with their child around dating and ARA prevention. Caregivers at varying stages of acceptance and understanding believed they could benefit from a comprehensive and inclusive education program on SGDY ARA experiences and how they can support their child in preventing ARA.