Prevalence and severity of anxiety, stress, and depression in long COVID among adults in Barcelona.

IF 2.5 Q2 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE BJGP Open Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI:10.3399/BJGPO.2024.0098

Brenda Biaani León-Gómez, Meritxell Carmona-Cervelló, Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo, Noemí Lamonja-Vicente, Jofre Bielsa-Pascual, Victor M López-Lifante, Valeria Zamora-Putin, Gemma Molist, Pilar Montero-Alia, Alba Pachón-Camacho, Eduard Moreno-Gabriel, Rosa García-Sierra, Adrià Bermudo-Gallaguet, Carla Chacón, Anna Costa-Garrido, Jose A Muñoz-Moreno, Lourdes Mateu, Maria Mataró, Julia G Prado, Eva Martínez-Cáceres, Marta Massanella, Concepción Violán, Pere Torán-Monserrat

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Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's long-term mental health implications are increasingly concerning, especially among patients suffering post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Long COVID (LC) patients.

Aim: This study explores the presence and distribution of anxiety, depression, and stress in LC individuals with cognitive complaints in northern Barcelona (Spain).

Design & settings: This cross-sectional study involved 155 diagnosed LC individuals from the "Aliança ProHEpiC-19 Cognitiu (APC)" project.

Method: Demographic data and health behavior variables were collected, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was self-administered to assess mental health. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and Poisson regression models were used for data analysis.

Results: 'Severe' stress and 'Extremely Severe' anxiety were prevalent in the sample. There were significant differences in anxiety and depression based on age and job role, with older individuals and non-healthcare workers showing higher relative risks.

Conclusions: Our study highlights the significant mental health burden in LC patients, underscoring the need for targeted interventions, especially among adults over 45 years old and non-healthcare workers. Further research is needed to better understand LC's complex mental health impacts and develop effective clinical management strategies.

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