In-situ conversion of BiOBr to Br-doped BiOCl nanosheets for "rocking chair" zinc-ion battery.

Abstract

Developing insertion-type anodes is essential for designing high-performance "rocking chair" zinc-ion batteries. BiOCl shows great potential as an insertion-type anode material for Zn²⁺ storage due to its high specific capacity and unique layered structure. However, the development of BiOCl has been significantly hampered by its poor stability and kinetics during cycling. In this study, Br-doped and carbon-coated BiOCl ultrathin nanosheets (Br-BiOCl@NC) are synthesized as high-performance anodes. The ultrathin nanosheet morphology facilitates Zn²⁺/H⁺ transfer and the Br doping reduces the Zn²⁺/H⁺ diffusion barrier. Additionally, the carbon coating enhances the electronic transfer. Furthermore, an insertion-conversion mechanism involving H⁺ and Zn²⁺ storage is revealed by ex-situ tests. Therefore, Br-BiOCl@NC exhibits a high discharge capacity of 174 mA h/g at 500 mA/g without capacity degradation after 1000 cycles. The Br-BiOCl@NC//MnO₂ full cell presents a discharge capacity of ≈ 120 mA h/g at 200 mA/g. This work offers valuable insights for the design of high-performance insertion-type anode materials in zinc-ion batteries.