Exploring Gender Differences in the Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Parameters.

IF 5 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Nutrients Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI:10.3390/nu17020354

Stefania Gorini, Elisabetta Camajani, Alessandra Feraco, Andrea Armani, Sercan Karav, Tiziana Filardi, Giovanni Aulisa, Edda Cava, Rocky Strollo, Elvira Padua, Massimiliano Caprio, Mauro Lombardo

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Abstract

Background: Gender differences in metabolic response to lifestyle interventions remain poorly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a six-month Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention combined with regular physical activity on metabolic parameters in overweight adults.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in an obesity clinic in Rome, Italy, involving overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) motivated to improve their lifestyle. Participants (n = 205; 107 men and 98 women) self-selected into physical activity groups (aerobic, anaerobic, combined or no activity). Gender-specific metabolic changes were assessed, including lipid profiles, liver markers and fasting glucose.

Results: Significant gender differences in metabolic results were observed. Men showed greater reductions in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL, as well as significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Women showed a significant increase in HDL cholesterol. Fasting blood glucose decreased significantly in both sexes, with no differences between the sexes. Activity-specific analysis revealed that anaerobic activity significantly improved lipid metabolism in men, while aerobic activity produced the greatest benefits in women, including increased HDL and improved liver marker profiles.

Conclusions: Therapeutic strategies combining MD and physical activity must take into account gender-specific physiological differences and the type of sport activity to optimise metabolic benefits. Personalised approaches may improve the management of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight individuals.

Study registration: This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06661330).

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探讨饮食和体力活动对代谢参数影响的性别差异。

背景：性别差异对生活方式干预的代谢反应的研究仍然很少。本研究旨在评估六个月的地中海饮食（MD）干预结合常规体育活动对超重成年人代谢参数的影响。方法：在意大利罗马的一家肥胖诊所进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，研究对象是有改善生活方式动机的超重成年人（BMI≥25 kg/m2）。参与者(n = 205；107名男性和98名女性)自行选择进入体育运动组（有氧、无氧、联合或不运动）。评估了性别特异性代谢变化，包括脂质谱、肝脏标志物和空腹血糖。结果：代谢结果有显著的性别差异。男性的总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）下降幅度更大，丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）也显著降低。女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著增加。空腹血糖在两性中都显著下降，两性之间没有差异。活动特异性分析显示，无氧活动显著改善了男性的脂质代谢，而有氧活动对女性的益处最大，包括增加高密度脂蛋白和改善肝脏标志物。结论：结合MD和体育活动的治疗策略必须考虑到性别生理差异和体育活动类型，以优化代谢益处。个性化的方法可以改善超重个体心血管危险因素的管理。研究注册：本研究已在ClinicalTrials.gov （NCT06661330）上注册。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrients NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

15.30%

发文量

4599

审稿时长

16.74 days

期刊介绍： Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) is an international, peer-reviewed open access advanced forum for studies related to Human Nutrition. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.