Nutrients最新文献

The Nutrients Editorial Office retracts the article "Associations between Christian Orthodox Church Fasting and Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund's Cancer Prevention Recommendations" [...].

Background/objectives: Parenteral nutrition (PN) can be standardized or customized according to a patient's individual needs, including clinical, metabolic, nutritional, and inflammatory conditions. The influence of inflammation on the indication of standard or customized PN for adolescents hospitalized in a quaternary hospital in the southeastern of Brazil was evaluated.

Methods: A historical cohort study of 61 adolescents admitted to the hospital was conducted. Nutritional, clinical, and biochemical data from the first 7 days of PN use were analyzed. Elevated serum mineral and triglyceride levels, as well as renal or liver failure (grade III or IV), were considered unequivocal reasons for PN customization, while restoring energy-protein adequacy and low serum mineral levels were considered questionable reasons. Inflammatory status was analyzed during the study period.

Results: A total of 128 PN solutions were prescribed, comprising 55 standardized and 73 customized. Overall, 40/61 patients required customized PN. The main reason for customization was to restore energy-protein adequacy (n = 48), while 24.7% (n = 18) of individualizations were for unequivocal reasons. Restoring energy-protein adequacy in the first 48 h was shown to have contributed to high transthyretin, which reduced the need for additional customized PN (r = -0.544; p = 0.044). A positive correlation was found between the total number of PN readjustments and C-Reactive Protein levels (r = 0.509; p = 0.044).

Conclusions: Conditions such as malnutrition or an inflammatory state in adolescents presenting metabolic changes are indications for the use of customized PN.

Background: Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes dry mouth and eyes and can lead to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 5-10% of cases after 10 years. Clinical trials have shown that the oral administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seems to have a beneficial effect on Sjögren's syndrome.

Aim: This literature review provides an overview of the effects of PUFA supplementation on clinical manifestations and inflammatory parameters in Sjögren's syndrome.

Methodology: We conducted a literature review using the PubMed, Biomed Central, and Cochrane Library electronic databases and using search terms "Sjögren" AND "omega-3"; and "omega-6" AND "fatty acids" AND "oil". This literature review followed the PRISMA guidelines and included randomized clinical trials in humans with or without a control group using the oral administration of PUFA.

Results: From 26 articles found in the databases, a total of 6 articles were included. Of these six trials, five trials showed an effect on clinical manifestations and three trials on inflammatory parameters. Most of the studies did not show a significant effect on the parameters analyzed. One study showed a significant improvement in dry keratoconjunctivitis compared to the control group. The results suggest that PUFAs may improve inflammatory parameters in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Conclusions: This literature review supports the idea that the oral administration of PUFA may possess a potential effect on clinical manifestations. However, due to the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity of clinical trial methodology, further investigations should be employed. Understanding the potential mechanism of action of PUFAs on clinical biomarkers in Sjögren's syndrome may clarify their importance in clinical practice for health professionals.

Background/Objectives: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) increases the risk of Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM). The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown advantages in the management of MAFLD and preventing co-morbidities; however, its relationship with T2DM development in MAFLD has been less investigated. We aimed to evaluate the association of MD adherence with the risk of incident T2DM in the Spanish adult population with MAFLD and according to their weight gain at 7.5 years follow-up. Methods: A cohort of 714 participants (without weight increment: 377; with weight increment: 337) from the Di@bet.es cohort study with MAFLD and without T2DM at baseline were investigated. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, clinical data, and a survey on habits were recorded. OGTT and fasting blood biochemistry determinations were made. Baseline adherence to MD was estimated by the adapted 14-point MEDAS questionnaire and categorized as high and low adherence. Results: In total, 98 people developed T2DM at follow-up. The high adherence to MD was inversely associated with the development of T2DM in both the overall population (0.52 [0.31-0.87]) and subjects without weight gain at follow-up (0.35 [0.16-0.78]). Conclusions: Our results suggest the protective effect of high adherence to MD regarding the risk of T2DM in subjects with MAFLD, with this health benefit being more evident in men with the absence of weight gain. These results support the recommendations for MD use in these patients.

Australian children with diabetes commonly struggle to achieve optimal glycaemic control, with minimal improvement observed over the past decade. The scarcity of research in the rural and regional Australian context is concerning, given high incidence rates and prominent barriers to healthcare access in these areas. We conducted a retrospective audit of 60 children attending a regional Australian paediatric diabetes service between January 2020 and December 2023. The majority of patients had type 1 diabetes (n = 57, 95.0%); approximately equal numbers were managed with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps vs. multiple daily injections (MDIs), whilst 88.3% (n = 53) also utilised continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The mean age at last visit was 14.0 years (SD, 3.4), mean diabetes duration 5.8 years (SD, 4.6), and mean HbA1c level 8.1% (65.3 mmol/mol); only 36.8% achieved the national target of 7.5% (58 mmol/mol). Mean BMI-SDS was 0.8 (SD, 1.0); almost half (n = 27, 45.0%) were overweight or obese. Many patients had mental health conditions (31.7%), which were associated with higher hospitalisation rates (p = 0.007). The attendance rate was 83.2%, with a mean of 3.3 clinic visits per year (SD, 0.7); higher attendance rates were associated with increased CGM sensor usage (r = 0.395, p = 0.007 Overall, the diabetes service performed similarly to other clinics with regards to glycaemic control. Whilst achieving treatment targets and addressing comorbidities remains a challenge, the decent attendance and the high uptake of healthcare technologies is commendable. Further efforts are needed to improve diabetes management for this regional community.

Background: Despite global efforts to promote universal salt iodization, iodine deficiency remains a public health issue in developing countries.

Objectives: This study assessed the proportion and sociodemographic characteristics of households consuming adequately iodized salt in 49 low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: Data from DHS surveys of 49 low- and middle-income countries (2005-2021) were used to analyze household iodized salt prevalence. R version 4.0 was employed for statistical analyses. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate overall and regional prevalence.

Results: We found that 83.4% of households consume adequately iodized salt, although with high heterogeneity (I² = 100.0%). The East Asia and Pacific and the Europe and Central Asia regions showed high consumption rates of 87.6% and 87.7%, respectively, while Latin America and the Caribbean presented a significantly lower proportion of 30.8%.

Conclusions: The study highlights the need for enhanced public health strategies to increase iodized salt consumption, especially in low-income and rural households. Addressing disparities in access, education, and affordability is crucial for improving iodine intake and preventing deficiency disorders, particularly among vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women.

Background/objectives: Understanding the metabolic responses to different macronutrients is crucial for assessing their impacts on health. This study aims to investigate the postprandial metabolomic profiles of healthy individuals following the consumption of glucose, protein, and lipids.

Methods: Twenty-three healthy, normal-weight adults participated in the study, randomly assigned to consume 300 kcal from glucose, protein, or lipids after an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 h post-ingestion. An untargeted metabolomic approach using mass spectrometry was employed to analyze plasma metabolites.

Results: In total, 21, 59, and 156 dysregulated metabolites were identified after glucose, protein, and lipid intake, respectively. Notably, 3'-O-methylguanosine levels decreased significantly after glucose consumption while remaining stable during lipid intake before increasing at 2 h. Common metabolites shared between glucose and lipid groups included 3'-O-methylguanosine, 3-oxotetradecanoic acid, poly-g-D-glutamate, and triglyceride (TG) (15:0/18:4/18:1).

Conclusions: The findings highlight distinct metabolic responses to macronutrient intake, emphasizing the role of specific metabolites in regulating postprandial metabolism. These insights contribute to understanding how dietary components influence metabolic health and insulin sensitivity.

Background/objectives: Depression is a prevalent worldwide mental health disorder that inflicts significant harm to individuals and society. Dictyophora duplicata is an edible fungus that contains a variety of nutrients, including polysaccharides. This study aims to investigate the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of the Dictyophora duplicata polysaccharide (DDP-B1), followed by an exploration of its antidepressant effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice.

Methods: Dictyophora duplicata was purified using a DEAE-52 column and an S-400 column to obtain DDP-B1. The monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of DDP-B1 were investigated via high-performance gel permeation chromatograph. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were utilized for the CUMS modeling to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of DDP-B1. Fluoxetine served as the positive control group. The depressive-like behaviors and brain pathology of mice were evaluated. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining, metabolomics analysis, and western blot were employed to further investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Results: DDP-B1 significantly alleviated the depression-like behavior of CUMS mice and increased the expression of SYN and PSD-95 in the mice's brains, which was further validated by western blot. Metabolomics analysis indicated a reduction in serum glutamate in CUMS mice following DDP-B1 treatment. Moreover, DDP-B1 treatment led to an increase in levels of GABA_AR, BDNF, p-TrkB and p-p70S6K.

Conclusions: DDP-B1 regulated abnormalities in the glutamatergic system, subsequently activated the BDNF-TrkB-mTOR pathway and mitigated the pathological manifestations of CUMS mice. This study validated the potential of DDP-B1 as an antidepressant medication and established a theoretical foundation for the development of fungi with similar properties.

Introduction: This study investigated the influence of sociodemographic factors on the dietary habits of athletes of the Polish Biathlon Association. Focusing on age, education, employment status, and gender, this research assesses food choices, meal preparation, and nutritional awareness within a structured sports environment. A cross-sectional survey of 54 athletes was conducted using a modified "Eating Habits of Poles" questionnaire to explore food selection, preparation methods, consumption patterns, and nutritional perspectives. This focus on biathletes emphasizes their distinct dietary needs, which arise from the demanding combination of endurance and precision in their sport, providing valuable insights for tailored dietary strategies to enhance their performance and overall health.

Results: The results indicate that age, education, and employment status significantly influence Polish biathletes' dietary habits and nutritional awareness. Older athletes (under 23 years) demonstrated significantly higher nutritional awareness regarding modern dietary trends (p = 0.015). In contrast, 50% of higher-education athletes were more engaged in meal planning and healthier food choices than those with elementary education (p = 0.031). Employment status also played a role; 70% of the athletes were students who exhibited more convenience-based food choices, whereas 30% were employed and maintained more structured eating patterns (p = 0.008). Minimal gender differences were found, with 50% of male and 50% of female athletes showing similar dietary habits, likely due to standardized nutrition programs provided to all athletes.

Conclusions: This indicates a potential need for further research to determine whether professional dietary support can effectively address typical gender-related variations in food behavior and lead to improvements in dietary outcomes. This study highlights the importance of targeted nutrition education and professional support for optimizing the nutritional habits of professional athletes. This emphasizes that socio-demographic factors such as age, education, and employment status significantly shape these behaviors, underscoring the need for personalized nutritional strategies within athletic programs.

Background: Obesity, a global disease, can lead to different chronic diseases and a series of social health problems. Lifestyle changes, especially dietary changes, are the most effective way to treat obesity. Euglena, a novel food, has attracted much attention. Previous studies have shown that Euglena is an important modulator of the host immune response. In this study, the effects of Euglena as a nutritional intervention in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were investigated regarding adipose tissue accumulation and lipid and glucose metabolism by gavage at the dose of 100 mg/kg bodyweight for 9 weeks. This study is one of the few to investigate, in detail, the preventive effects of dietary Euglena on obesity. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. An obesity model was created by feeding the high-fat diet for a period of 10 weeks. Obese mice were randomized into 2 groups with the same mean body weight, and no significant differences were observed between the groups: (1) the mice in the HEG group were maintained on a high-fat diet and daily gavaged with Euglena (100 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in saline (n = 7); and (2) the mice in the HFD group were maintained on a high-fat diet and daily gavaged with saline with the same volume (n = 7). The experiment finished after a nine-week period. Results: The results showed that Euglena could reduce the accumulation of white body fat, including subcutaneous fat and visceral fat, and mainly targeted subcutaneous fat. Euglena also reduced adipocyte particle size expansion, promoted lipolysis in adipose (adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase) and liver tissue (reduced non-esterified fatty acid content), and improved obesity-induced ectopic fat deposition and glucose tolerance. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Euglena, as a nutritional intervention in HFDs, efficiently reduces body weight and white adipose tissue deposition. The mechanism of Euglena is mainly though enhancing lipolysis. It is worth noting that Euglena β-glucan recovers the hyperglycemia and accumulation of ectopic fat within the liver induced by HFD. Our study is one of the few studies to report in detail the preventive effects of dietary Euglena on obesity in vivo. This study revealed that Euglena also has an important ameliorative effect on obesity and metabolic disorders, which laid a theoretical foundation for its future application in functional foods.