Effect of optimized food-based recommendations on nutrient intakes, hemoglobin levels, and memory performance of adolescent girls in East Java, Indonesia.
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Abstract
Background: FAO/WHO introduced food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) to promote healthy dietary habits. To translate the FBDG, optimized food-based recommendations (FBR) can be developed using linear programming (LP) to address problem nutrients. Despite the importance of local-specific FBR for anemia prevention, no study has reported the effect of nutrition education which promoted FBR in adolescent girls. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of optimized FBR in adolescent girls in improving dietary and nutrient intakes, hemoglobin levels, and memory performance.
Methods: The intervention study was carried out in Malang District, Indonesia amongst 14-18 year adolescent girls. The study's Indonesian slogan was Remaja which meant Active, Healthy, Smart, and Creative adolescents. The optimized FBR was developed using LP and translated into six key messages. Twenty-week nutrition education was integrated into the weekly school's system.
Results: After 20 weeks, a significant increase in dietary practices (animal protein, liver, plant protein, vegetables), nutrient intakes (protein, fat, iron), and memory performance (digit span forward and backward) were found in the intervention group. In contrast, there was decreases in the control group's intakes of animal and plant protein.
Conclusions: This finding shows that nutrition education with optimized FBR increased intakes of nutrient-dense food, protein, fat, iron, and memory performance (concentration). Nutrition education with optimized FBR should be integrated into the school system together with weekly iron supplementation for anemia prevention among these adolescent girls.
Trial registration: The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID No: NCT03946475).
期刊介绍：
Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered.
Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies.
In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.
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