Fabrication of Mastic Gum Resin Tethered Phospholipid Nanocarriers for the Evaluation and Enhancement of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-bacterial Effects.

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to improve the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of mastic gum resin (MGR). MGR was loaded into a phospholipid nanocarrier with or without partially hydrolyzed ginsenoside, followed by dispersion into distilled water.

Methods: The phospholipid nanocarrier dispersion showed significantly enhanced in vitro release, porcine skin/ intestine permeation, and retention. When the ratio of the MGR versus partially hydrogenated ginsenoside reached 1:1 w/w in the nanocarrier composition, the in vitro release increased 54.8-fold compared to the MGR powder suspended in the release media.

Results: Permeation of the nanocarrier dispersion through the porcine skin and intestine increased 160-fold and 42-fold, respectively, compared to permeation of the MGR powder suspension. Furthermore, the nanocarrier dispersion reduced NO production and iNOS mRNA expression in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. MIC and MBC of the nanocarrier dispersion against P. gingivalis were 4.11 ± 1.17 and 8.22 ± 2.35 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of MGR were remarkably enhanced when the MGR was loaded into the nanocarrier with partially hydrolyzed ginsenoside.